Chapter 16 & 17 Domestic and Foreign Policy MULT. CHOICE

Inflation is best understood as the rate at which
a. gross domestic product expands
b. prices for goods and services decrease
c. prices for goods and services increase
d. the federal government increases taxes to raise revenue
e. the Federal Reserve Board expands the money supply
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Terms in this set (120)
Inflation is best understood as the rate at which
a. gross domestic product expands
b. prices for goods and services decrease
c. prices for goods and services increase
d. the federal government increases taxes to raise revenue
e. the Federal Reserve Board expands the money supply
c. prices for goods and services increase
What do economists use gross domestic product to measure? ON TEST
a. the rate of government spending in the economy
b. the rate of tariffs applied to goods imported into the United States
c. the total impact of import revenues on the domestic economy
d. the total value added by government expenditures in the economy
e. the total value of goods and services produced in the economy
e. the total value of goods and services produced in the economy
The Affordable Care Act, colloquially known as Obamacare, deals primarily with what policy area?
a. education
b. health care
c. welfare
d. economics
e. criminal justice
b. health care
Worries about international competition often lead domestic producers to call for _____. ON TEST
a. anti-trust legislation.
b. an international trade injunction
c. a monopoly
d. protectionism
e. a value-added tax
d. protectionism
Which of the following is true with respect to Keynesian economic policy?
a. Keynesian economic policy relies on government taxes and adjustments to the money supply to control inflation and unemployment.
b. Keynesian economic policy relies on taxation and expenditures by government to control unemployment.
c. Keynesian economic policy uses the money supply to control inflation and unemployment.
d. Keynesian economic policy can only be used by the federal government.
e. Keynesian economic policy can only be used by state-level governments.
b. Keynesian economic policy relies on taxation and expenditures by government to control unemployment.
The Social Security program was adopted during what event or period? ON TEST
a. the Vietnam War
b. Watergate
c. the Reagan administration
d. the Great Society
e. the Great Depression
e. the Great Depression
The _________ provides an international forum for reaching trade agreements and
resolving disputes among its members.
a. GATT
b. NAFTA
c. SEC
d. VAT
e. WTO
e. WTO
Certain tariffs, limits on imported goods, and import regulations limit U.S. consumption of foreign products, which has contributed to the
a. federal funds rate
b. international tax expenditure
c. national debt
d. trade deficit
e. value-added tax
d. trade deficit
A government policy that attempts to manage the economy by controlling taxing and spending is called
a. deregulation
b. fiscal policy
c. monetary policy
d. protectionism
e. regulation
b. fiscal policy
A government policy that attempts to manage the economy by controlling the amount of money in circulation through interest rates is called
a. deregulation
b. fiscal policy
c. monetary policy
d. protectionism
e. stagflation
c. monetary policy
One criticism of government regulation of the economy is that the regulations themselves can raise the cost of economic activity, also known as a. compliance costs b. excise taxes c. labor injunctions d. tariffs e. value-added taxesa. compliance costsThe total market value of all goods and services produced in an area during a year is termed which of the following? a. greatest national product b. gross domestic product c. maximum national product d. minimum domestic product e. national income productb. gross domestic productWhich of the following constitutes the largest portion of the federal budget? ON TEST a. discretionary spending b. foreign aid c. homeland security d. mandatory spending e. military spendingd. mandatory spendingWhich of the following is a means-tested program? a. Social Security b. No Child Left Behind c. Medicare d. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families e. the Elementary and Secondary Education Actd. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families__________ is/are one of the most important tools that monetary policy uses to affect the overall economy. a. Labor regulations b. Foreign monetary investment. c. Government spending d. Interest rates e. Taxation ratesd. Interest ratesWhich of the following entities is responsible for setting the federal funds rate in the United States? ON TEST a. the Congress b. the Congressional Budget Office c. the Executive Office of the President d. the Federal Reserve Board e. the Office of Management and Budgetd. the Federal Reserve BoardAccording to Figure 13.3, where does most of the federal budget go? a. foreign aid b. human resources c. interest on the national debt d. national defense e. monetary policyb. human resourcesWhat is the main purpose of monetary policy? a. to affect how much money is available to businesses and banks b. to control the amount of public debt sold to foreign states c. to control the interest rates on money lent to foreign states d. to equalize income disparity among citizens of the United States e. to expand the government's revenue base so as to reduce the deficit.a. to affect how much money is available to businesses and banksThe main goal of fiscal policy is _______. a. to affect how much money is available to foreign governments for investment and its cost b. to affect how much money is available to state governments for capital projects c. to determine how much interest the government will pay on the federal debt d. to stimulate the economy by increasing the number of exports into the United States e. to use taxes and government spending to help stimulate or slow down economic growthe. to use taxes and government spending to help stimulate or slow down economic growthLaissez-faire economics holds which of the following to be true? a. The government should actively intervene in the economy. b. The government should not take an active role in the economy. c. The government should do everything possible to reduce unemployment. d. The government should lower interest rates during a recession. e. The government should raise interest rates during a recession.b. The government should not take an active role in the economy.Which of the following is an example of corporate social responsibility? a. antitrust legislation b. boycotting a product that is dangerous to the environment c. collective bargaining d. encouraging employees to volunteer by giving them extra days of paid leave e. issuing an environmental impact statementd. encouraging employees to volunteer by giving them extra days of paid leaveWhich of the following is one way that the federal government seeks to promote economic growth? a. boosting the trade deficit b. enforcing the value-added tax c. imposing compliance costs d. offering subsidies e. outlawing labor injunctionsd. offering subsidiesWhat is the purpose of deregulation in the American political economy? a. Deregulation seeks to increase the barriers to economic productivity. b. Deregulation seeks to increase the political power of labor unions. c. Deregulation seeks to increase the power of large economic monopolies. d. Deregulation seeks to remove inefficient barriers in the collection of taxes. e. Deregulation seeks to remove inefficient barriers to productivity and growth.d. Deregulation seeks to remove inefficient barriers in the collection of taxes.Regulatory legislation at the start of the twentieth century primarily dealt with. a. business monopolies b. education c. labor unions d. technology e. the environmenta. business monopoliesThe primary purpose of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was to _____. a. establish the largest geographical free trade zone in the world b. prevent monopolies, break up those that exist, and ensure competition c. reduce the annual budget deficit d. reduce the national debt e. set the rules of free trade among member nationsb. prevent monopolies, break up those that exist, and ensure competitionThe annual shortfall between federal revenues and expenditures is known as which of the following? a. the balance of payments b. the budget deficit c. the expenditure difference d. the national debt e. the trade deficitb. the budget deficitWhich of the following is most accurate regarding the future of Social Security? a. Social Security will likely need adjustments to meet future demands. b. Social Security is expected to run out of money by 2014. c. Social Security is expected to be financially stable for the next 50 years. d. Social Security is expected to be financially stable for the next 100 years. e. Social Security will be replaced by a private investment program beginning in 2015.a. Social Security will likely need adjustments to meet future demands.In general, a recession does which of these? a. generates a response by state governments b. generates a response by the federal c. lasts at least a year d. leads to higher inflation e. reduces the unemployment levelb. generates a response by the federalWhich of the following is true of the federal government's role in education? a. The federal government never plays a role in education. b. The federal government is the primary governmental level involved in education. c. The federal government has only been involved in education since the year 2000. d. The federal government takes over underperforming schools. e. The federal government addresses issues of inequality and ensures that standards are met.e. The federal government addresses issues of inequality and ensures that standards are met.Which of the following provides one explanation for why Medicare costs have risen in recent years? a. People now are in better health than were people in the past. b. People rely on their own private insurance to supplement Medicare. c. Most people on Medicare also receive Medicaid benefits. d. Doctors charge less for many services than they did in the past. e. People live longer today than they did in the past.e. People live longer today than they did in the past.U.S. monetary policy involves which of the following? a. import and export policies b. interest rates and the money supply c. supply-side economics d. NAFTA and the balance of trade with Canada e. the national debt and the annual deficitb. interest rates and the money supplyWhich of these resulted from the Great Depression? a. The federal government cut Social Security benefits because it lacked adequate funds. b. The federal government assumed new responsibilities for the management of economic matters. c. The states assumed new responsibilities for the management of national economic matters. d. The federal government devolved responsibility for solving the economic crisis to the states. e. The federal government took a laissez-faire approach when dealing with economic matters.b. The federal government assumed new responsibilities for the management of economicWhat two measures of economic performance do Congress and the president rely upon to guide their economic decisions? a. the federal funds rate and inflation b. the gross domestic product and the Consumer Price Index c. inflation and the unemployment rate d. the national debt and the trade deficit e. the unemployment rate and interest rates.c. inflation and the unemployment rateIf the Federal Reserve Board needed to slow the economy down, it would most likely a. lower interest rates to increase the money supply b. lower taxes to increase the level of employment c. increase government spending to increase the money supply. d. raise interest rates to decrease the money supply. e. raise taxes to increase the money supply.d. raise interest rates to decrease the money supply.Which description best defines the social safety net? a. government responses to continuing social problems b. active government intervention based on public demand c. government programs to prevent homelessness and hunger d. government responses to crime and terrorism e. government assistance during economic downturnsa. government responses to continuing social problemsGenerally, regulations exist to ___________. ON TEST a. create advantages for certain economic classes in America b. control the effects of liberal public interest group lobbies c. control the behavior of corporations, other governments, or citizens d. make it difficult for businesses to make a profit e. stifle political competition and allow for the creation of monopoliesc. control the behavior of corporations, other governments, or citizensWhich of the following provides the greatest source of revenue for the federal government? a. individual income taxes b. Medicaid taxes c. regressive taxes d. Social Security taxes e. taxes on cigarettesa. individual income taxesIn an economic slowdown, Keynesian economic policy would advocate a. decreasing inflation b. increasing government spending c. increasing the money supply d. increasing the unemployment rate e. raising interest ratesb. increasing government spendingWhich of the following could be seen as evidence in support of the passage of the Affordable Care Act, colloquially known as Obamacare? a. Private insurance companies are adequate to provide health care coverage to nearly all Americans. b. Uninsured Americans have access to health care because hospitals are required to treat patients with life-threatening conditions. c. Health care costs have risen substantially over the past few decades. d. Health care costs have remained stable over the past few decades. e. Health care costs have declined over the past few decades.c. Health care costs have risen substantially over the past few decades.If Congress adopts a policy to make cars more fuel efficient, they have adopted a a. fiscal stimulus policy b. microeconomic policy c. monetary policy d. regulatory policy e. supply-side economic policyd. regulatory policyCompared to other nations such as Russia and Sweden, the United States has than many of its competitors. a. a higher GDP b. fewer rules c. higher taxes d. lower interest rates e. more regulationb. fewer rulesWhich of these is most consistent with the philosophy of Keynesianism? a. interest rate increases by the Federal Reserve b. government actions to increase debt owned by foreign countries c. government decisions to increase the money supply d. government provision of the 2008 federal stimulus package. e. deregulation efforts of President Reagan in the 1980sd. government provision of the 2008 federal stimulus package.Which of the following is accurate with regard to the national debt? a. The national debt as a percentage of GDP has drastically increased in recent years. b. The national debt as a percentage of GDP has not changed in the past decade c. The national debt is a product of balanced federal budgets. d. The national debt is not affected by external events such as war or a natural disaster. e. The national debt has only increased under Democratic presidents.a. The national debt as a percentage of GDP has drastically increased in recent years.Which statement most closely describes the way in which individuals are affected by the Federal Insurance Contribution Act? a. American citizens have the opportunity to purchase homes at a reduced interest rate. b. All Americans will now have to purchase health care insurance. c. Low-income workers are given a tax credit that allows them to collect a refund. d. Taxpayers have an amount deducted from their checks that is larger than the amount of income tax paid. e. Citizens who need help can collect benefits for five years during their lifetime.d. Taxpayers have an amount deducted from their checks that is larger than the amount of income tax paid.Entitlement programs are designed to do which of the following? a. get the poor out of poverty b. help ensure equality in public school funding c. help provide income to low-earning households d. provide financial aid to poor college students e. provide benefits to all qualifying individualse. provide benefits to all qualifying individualsWhich of the following would be considered a regulatory policy? a. a social insurance policy b. a food safety policy c. a monetary policy d. a redistributive policy e. a federal stimulus policyb. a food safety policyWhy might implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act be difficult? a. The federal government has the authority to implement the law under the commerce clause of the Constitution. b. The legislation affects only a small percentage of the population. c. Parts of the law requires the states to implement it. d. Many people are expected to ignore the law and pay the penalty for not obtaining insurance. e. The legislation will cover many unemployed persons.c. Parts of the law requires the states to implement it.If government wanted to help ensure economic competition, it might do which of the following? a. encourage the creation of natural monopolies b. pass anti-externality laws c. pass anti-trust legislation d. pass a stimulus package e. reduce interest ratesc. pass anti-trust legislationWhy might some businesses lobby for increased regulation by the federal government? a. because they do not know that regulations always hurt them b. to lower their overall tax rate b. to gain access to federal bureaucrats who will act in their interests d. to increase their profit margins to better serve the public good e. to protect themselves from domestic and foreign competitorse. to protect themselves from domestic and foreign competitorsWhich of the following explains why some people have suggested raising the eligibility age for Social Security? a. Social Security has had a surplus for the past decade. b. Social Security benefits have been cut in recent years. c. Social Security may not be sustainable without cutting benefits. d. Social Security may not be sustainable given the current number of children in the program. e. Social Security may not be sustainable given the number of poor people in the program.c. Social Security may not be sustainable without cutting benefits.Which of the following philosophical beliefs explains the federal government's comparatively limited role in welfare and health policies? a. a commitment to egalitarianism b. a commitment to rugged individualism c. a commitment to communitarianism d. a commitment to public assistance e. a commitment to social safety netsb. a commitment to rugged individualismWhat is the purpose of government regulation of the economy? ON TEST a. to increase the revenue collected by the federal government b. to increase the overall level of taxes paid by produces in the economy c. to increase the level of profits for multinational corporations d. to minimize the costs of doing business for corporations e. to minimize abuses and promote competitione. to minimize abuses and promote competitionAdvocates of aggressive monetary policy contend that the key factor affecting the economy's performance is a. the federal funds rate b. the GDP c. inflation d. the money supply e. tax expendituresd. the money supplyWhich of the following was the biggest contributor to the economic crisis that began in 2008? a. deregulation of the investment banking industry b. high levels of government spending c. increased wage demands by labor unions d. inflationary policies by the Federal Reserve e. massive increases in federal budget deficitsa. deregulation of the investment banking industryIf a government wanted to use monetary policy to increase economic growth, which of the following steps should be taken? a. Decrease interest rates to increase the amount of money in supply. b. Increase the amount of foreign currency kept on reserve in U.S. banks. c. Increase the amount of public revenue for investment by raising taxes. d. Increase the government spending on public works projects. e. Print a larger amount of money to increase the money supply.a. Decrease interest rates to increase the amount of money in supply.Given historical trends, which of these is most likely to happen in the near future? a. deep reductions in military spending b. elimination of social insurance programs c. increased regulation of the economy d. large reductions in the national debt e. massive reductions in entitlement spendingc. increased regulation of the economyOne business practice that has threatened the long-term U.S. economy is a. collective bargaining b. compliance funding c. corporate giving d. offshore outsourcing e. protectionismd. offshore outsourcingWhich of the following best describes the goal of social policy in general? a. to promote the welfare of people both at home and abroad b. to provide aid for those who are economically disadvantaged c. to promote the welfare of citizens through domestic programs d. to promote the welfare of the disadvantaged in developing countries e. to keep the nation secure by making sure poverty is eliminatedc. to promote the welfare of citizens through domestic programsIn enacting three new education programs in 1998 to help students finish high school, to provide funding for distance learning, and to improve teacher quality, what important fact did Congress acknowledge? a. The Constitution requires the government to ensure adequate education at all levels. b. Education interest groups and teachers' unions have become too powerful to ignore. c. There is a link between quality of primary and elementary education and college success. d. Students are dropping out of school because the quality of teaching is poor. e. Many rural students do not have access to adequate schools and good teachers.c. There is a link between quality of primary and elementary education and college success.Which of the following is an advantage of deregulation? a. Deregulation would decrease the inflationary pressures in the economy. b. Deregulation would increase the cost of economic activity. c. Deregulation would increase the need for businesses to hire attorneys. d. Deregulation would reduce compliance costs for business. e. Deregulation would strengthen American labor unions.d. Deregulation would reduce compliance costs for business.The war in Iraq began under __________ and ended under __________. a. Bill Clinton, George H. W. Bush b. Bill Clinton, George W. Bush c. George H. W. Bush, George W. Bush d. George W. Bush, George W. Bush e. George W. Bush, Barack Obamae. George W. Bush, Barack ObamaOne of the primary reasons for undertaking the war in Afghanistan was _________. a. prevention of the spread of communism b. nation building c. protection of religious freedom d. retaliation for the bombing of the USS Cole e. protection of Iraq from Afghani military attacksb. nation buildingWhich Cabinet-level department has primary responsibility for U.S. foreign policy? a. Department of Defense b. Department of Justice c. Department of the Interior d. Department of Homeland Security e. Department of Statee. Department of StateWhat is the primary responsibility of the Department of Defense? a. to provide for homeland security b. to implement military policy c. to develop foreign policy d. to coordinate domestic security efforts e. to advise the president about national security threatsb. to implement military policyWhat is the role of the national security advisor? a. to consult with academics and others with foreign policy expertise b. to provide the president with information that reinforces the president's foreign policy c. to act as a liaison between the Department of Defense and the military d. to lead the Department of Homeland Security e. to give the president independent advice about foreign and military policye. to give the president independent advice about foreign and military policyWho serves on the Joint Chiefs of Staff? a. the Cabinet secretaries b. the leaders of the armed forces c. the president's foreign policy advisors d. the White House military intelligence corps e. the secretary of defense, secretary of Homeland Security, and the director of the Central Intelligence Agencyb. the leaders of the armed forcesWho heads the U.S. intelligence community? a. the director of the Central Intelligence Agency b. the director of National Intelligence c. the chairman of the Joint Chief of Staff d. the vice president e. the National Security Agencyb. the director of National IntelligenceWhich international organization was created after World War II at the urging of the United States? a. the League of Nations b. the United Nations c. the Warsaw Pact d. the World Trade Organization e. the Marshall Planb. the United NationsOfficials of which department are invariably the most vocal advocates of foreign aid? a. the Department of Homeland Security b. the National Security Agency c. the Office of Global Communications d. the Department of State e. the Department of Defensed. the Department of StateThe Bush Doctrine, announced shortly after 9/11, reserved the right of the United States to attack any nation that was considered a threat under which of the following circumstances? a. only with the support of U.S. allies, without using nuclear weapons b. even without the support of U.S. allies, using nuclear weapons if needed c. only with the support of U.S. allies, using nuclear weapons if needed d. even without the support of U.S. allies, but only after all diplomatic attempts had failed, using nuclear weapons if needed e. only with the support of U.S. allies, and only after all diplomatic attempts failed, using nuclear weapons if needed.b. even without the support of U.S. allies, using nuclear weapons if neededWhich of the following countries is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council? a. Germany b. India c. Spain d. Italy e. The United Statese. The United StatesWhich of the following countries in a member of NATO a. Russia b. China c. Japan d. Syria e. the United Statese. the United StatesDuring the Cold War, the notion of ___________, sometimes called MAD, kept both the United States and the Soviet Union from using their nuclear weapons, but also kept each on constant alert in case the other dared to act first a. mutual active deterrence b. multilateral accord doctrine c. mutual assured destruction d. military action detonation e. minority advance discernmentc. mutual assured destructionWho instituted the Marshall Plan and who benefited directly from it? a. The Soviet Union instituted the Marshall Plan to benefit Eastern Europe b. Germany instituted the Marshall Plan to benefit the United States c. Italy instituted the Marshall Plan to benefit Western Europe d. Easter Europe instituted the Marshall Plan to benefit Western Europe e. The United States instituted the Marshall Plan to benefit Eastern Europe.e. The United States instituted the Marshall Plan to benefit Eastern Europe.Which of the following departments is organized around a series of "desks" representing different parts of the world and foreign party missions? a. the Department of Homeland Security b. the Department of State c. the Immigration and Naturalization Service d. the Department of Defense e. the Office of Terrorism and Financeb. the Department of StateThe cuts of 100,000 U.S.S armed personnel scheduled to take place between 2013 and 2017 are a reflection not only of efforts to reduce federal spending but also which of the following? a. defense b. an armed forces reduction agreement c. cold war d. the changing nature of war e. reinstatement of military conscriptiond. the changing nature of warHow are members of the military currently selected? a. They are all volunteers b. They are all conscripted c. they are all drafted d. About half volunteer and half are conscripted e. Officers are conscripted and enlisted soldiers are drafteda. They are all volunteersWhen three years after the Bush Doctrine was announced, the Bush administration changed course and began working to bring other nations such as Russia, France, Germany into the debate over issues in the Middle East, what policy approach was being used? a. unilateralism b. multilateralism c. isolationism d. preemption e. deterrenceb. multilateralismAlthough the Obama administration favors diplomacy in international affairs, it has shown a willingness to use hard power in _________. a. Afghanistan b. Iran c. China d. North Korea e. Russiaa. AfghanistanWho has the ultimate authority and control over U.S. foreign and military policy? a. Congress b. the president c. the State Department d. the National Security Council e. the Joint Chiefs of Staffb. the presidentIn striving to deal with the uncertainty of the post - Cold War world, and particularly the war on terrorism, without compromising basic democratic principles, the United States struggles to balance which of the following two things? a. the federal deficit and need for economic stimulus b. domestic programs and foreign aid c. individual liberty and national interest d. free trade and intellectual property rights e. the public's right to information and national securityc. individual liberty and national interestWhat was the main purpose of the Marshall Plan? a. to protect Eastern Europe from undue influence of the Soviet Union in the wake of World War II b. to help rebuild Europe after World War II so that it would be less vulnerable to communist influence c. to prevent the spread of weapons of mass destruction to unstable governments d. to root out and eliminate potential terrorist threats before they are fully formed e. to repair relations between the United States and the Soviet Union near the end of the Cold Warb. to help rebuild Europe after World War II so that it would be less vulnerable to communist influenceWhich of the following accurately describes the war in Iraq? a. The United States participated in the war but did not lead it b. The war lasted longer than the Bush administration expected c. Saddam Hussein launched the war through attack on Iran d. The United States went to war as retribution for its involvement sin the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks e. The war received near universal praise from U.S. alliesb. The war lasted longer than the Bush administration expectedWhich of the following is the most heavily involved in gathering and analyzing information about foreign governments? a. the Secret Service b. the Department of the Treasury c. the National Security Agency d. the Transportation Safety Administration e. the Department of Statec. the National Security AgencyWhat is the primary responsibility of the secretary of state? a. national defense policy b. homeland security c. intelligence d. diplomacy e. military policyd. diplomacyWhat is the primary responsibility of the secretary of defense? a. foreign policy b. intelligence c. diplomacy d. homeland security e. military policye. military policyWhat is the main foreign or defense policy threat posed by Iran? a. civil unrest b. nuclear capabilities c. economic collapse d. trade disagreements e. conventional armsb. nuclear capabilitiesWhile the Marshall Plan after World War II was an unqualified success, U.S. foreign policy efforts in nation building today take longer and are more difficult for which of the following reasons? a. The United States is no longer in a position large amounts of foreign aid to countries because of the current federal draft b. Countries participating in the Marshall Plan already had democratic institutions and well-established practices of self-governance, while today many countries led by dictators are deeply divided and citizens who call for democracy are subjected to military force c. The United States had a strong goal of containing communism while carrying out the Marshall Plan, but today there is no clear goal of containing communism while carrying out the dictator has been removed from control d. Under the Marshall Plan, the United States had the means to both rebuild infrastructure and address issues such as employment, hunger, and homelessness, but today U.S. policy is focused solely on removing dictators, and the people are left to fend for themselves in rebuilding their country e. Countries participating in the Marshall Plan were wealthy countries with highly educated people, so the United States merely provided assistance to their self-determined efforts, but countries needing help today are very poor with uneducated populations, so the United States has to do everything for themb. Countries participating in the Marshall Plan already had democratic institutions and well-established practices of self-governance, while today many countries led by dictators are deeply divided and citizens who call for democracy are subjected to military forceWhich of the following was a fundamental part of the George W. Bush Administration's case? a. Iraq attacked Israel in 2002 with SCUD missiles and was threatening to do so again b. Iraq had weapons of mass destruction c. Saddam Hussein had provided considerable funding to Osama bin Laden d. Saddam Hussein had provided al-Qaeda with military intelligence and training. e. Saddam Hussein had permitted Osama bin Laden to use Iraq for training terroristsb. Iraq had weapons of mass destructionThe Obama administration has argued that it is in the world's best interests to limit access to nuclear materials, which is an example of which of the following policy approaches? a. realism b. unilateralism c. idealism d. isolationism e. containmentc. idealismWhich of the following describes the status the United States grants to a country that will allow the president to negotiate favorable trades agreements with that country, even one like China that has a history of violating basic human and democratic rights? a. permanent trade relations b. accelerated trade relations c. global market relations d. normal trade relations e. proposed trade relationsd. normal trade relationsCongress can exercise influence over foreign policy through its power to ___________. a. command the armed forces b. appoint the secretary of defense c. ratify treaties d. recognize the sovereignty of foreign countries e. receive diplomatsc. ratify treatiesWhich of the following is comprised of a broad array of the president's foreign policy advisors and is housed within the White House? a. the Department of State b. the Department of Homeland Security c. the Warsaw Pact d. the National Security Council e. the Central Intelligence Agencyd. the National Security CouncilWhich of the following has as its primary responsibility conducting surveillance about the inner workings of countries across the world? a. the Department of Defense b. the secretary of state c. the Central Intelligence Agency d. the World Trade Organization e. the Marshall Planc. the Central Intelligence AgencyAccording to realism, what is the main driver of foreign policy? a. protecting natural resources such as timber, oil, and fertile farmland b. promoting a country's self interest c. finding solutions to problems shared by several nations d. encouraging world peace e. reducing conflictb. promoting a country's self interestWhich of the following comprises the largest portion of the U.S. defense budget? a. salaries b. health care c. travel d. training e. private business contractse. private business contractsWhich of the following is most consistent with the foreign policy of isolationism? a. a country's refusal to intervene in an armed conflict between two other countries b. a country's willingness to use diplomatic sanctions to pressure another country to address human rights violations c. the George W. Bush administration's policy of actively rooting out terrorism before a threat has fully developed d. the United States' involvement in World War II e. multilateral trade agreementsa. a country's refusal to intervene in an armed conflict between two other countriesDuring a rapidly developing national security crisis, who is the U.S. president most likely to turn to for advice? a. the House Committee on Foreign Affairs b. the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations c. the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Government Affairs d. the United Nations Security Council e. the National Security Councile. the National Security CouncilEven in troubled times, the president does not have absolute authority to act, since Congress has power to influence foreign policy if it disagrees with the president through which of the following? a. Congress can fire ambassadors who are not executing the president's foreign policy according to Congress's wishes b. Congress can reduce appropriations for executing the president's foreign policy c. Congress can recognize or refuse to recognize ambassadors from other governments d. Congress can change foreign policy with a joint declaration of two-thirds of each chamber, which does not require the president's signature e. Congress can negotiate treaties with other countries, even if the president disagrees with them, as long as they are ratified by a two-thirds vote in the Senateb. Congress can reduce appropriations for executing the president's foreign policyWhich of the following is most consistent with the concept of diplomacy? a. counterintelligence b. military threats c. military action d. negotiation e. confrontationd. negotiationIn which of the following areas is the United States most likely to become embroiled in a dispute with China? a. trade policy b. antiterrorism c. military conflict d. immigration policy e. environmental policya. trade policyWhich of the following would be the type of action taken by the U.S. president who is a realist? a. asking allies to join the United States in placing economic sanctions on a country that is violating human rights b. requesting a large increase in defense funding to strengthen the armed forced and build more nuclear weapons in order to protect and secure the nation c. sending armed forces into a country to overthrow a dictator and help the citizens establish a democracy d. seeking arms reduction agreements with countries that are producing nuclear weapons e. asking for an increase in the budget for foreign aid to a country that has suffered severe damage from an earthquakeb. requesting a large increase in defense funding to strengthen the armed forced and build more nuclear weapons in order to protect and secure the nationWhich of the following would the president be most likely to consult to determine the best wat to use the military to destroy North Korea's nuclear capabilities? a. the secretary of defense b. the secretary of Homeland Security c. the secretary of state d. the director of National Intelligence e. the national security advisora. the secretary of defenseWhen terrorist bomb a popular tourist hotel and the media provides widespread coverage of event, which of the following outcomes would show the terrorists accomplished one of their goals? a. Trade between the United States and the country in which the bombing took place is brought to a halt b. The United States invades the country that is believed to have funded the terrorists who did the bombing, thereby becoming distracted from the actual movements of the terrorist group c. The terrorist receive additional funding and new members from the government of a country that hates the United States d. The United States send foreign aid to the country in which the violence took place e. The fear of the terrorists gives them new power in the country in which the violence took place, and those who aren't serious about the terrorists' cause drop out of their groupc. The terrorist receive additional funding and new members from the government of a country that hates the United StatesWhich of the following is an example of foreign aid? a. the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade b. the Cuban Missile Crisis c. the Bretton Woods system d. the North American Free Trade Agreement e. the Marshall Plane. the Marshall PlanWhich of the following is the president most likely to consul with for advice about how to best take advantage of the strengths of the various service branches when conducting a military operation? a. the Central Intelligence Agency b. the director of National Intelligence c. the secretary of Homeland Security d. the secretary of state e. the Joint Chief of Staffe. the Joint Chief of StaffIf the United States wanted to begin promoting democracy in a country controlled by a dictator who was denying citizens human rights, which of the following would likely be the first step and internationalist U.S. president would take? a. stockpile additional nuclear weapons in case the dictator became powerful enough to be a threat to the United States b. engage in a military conflict to oust the dictator and help the people establish democracy c. request that the dictator meet with the secretary of state to explore common trade interests between that country and the United States d. work with the United Nations to establish economic sanctions against that country e. extend diplomatic immunity to any citizen who could manage to leave the country and come to the United Statesc. request that the dictator meet with the secretary of state to explore common trade interests between that country and the United StatesWhich of the following policies is most consistent with a foreign policy approach based on idealism? a. imposing quotas on imported beef b. working with the United Nations to reduce AIDS in Africa c. launching a military strike to ensure access to Middle Eastern oil deposits d. expelling diplomats from foreign countries under socialist control e. building additional nuclear weaponsb. working with the United Nations to reduce AIDS in AfricaWhat was the relationship between the almost two dozen agencies in the U.S. intelligence community before September 11, 2001, that contributed to the lack of comprehensive view of the al- Qaeda organization? a. By law, each agency was required to operate without consulting the other agencies in the intelligence community b. The Office of the Director of National Intelligence failed to coordinate the movement of information within the intelligence community c. Because each agency was created to collect unique information for a unique client, the agencies rarely shared information d. The agencies that had primary responsibility for gathering information were not the same ones who had primary responsibility for acting upon that information e. The intelligence agencies had been ordered by the president to work with one another only during times of national crisis so as to keep classified information form getting into too many different handsc. Because each agency was created to collect unique information for a unique client, the agencies rarely shared informationHow has U.S. foreign policy in Iran and North Korea been similar for much of the past decade? a. It has been largely focused on economic development b. It has been largely driven by the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks c. It has been largely determine by the wealth of natural resources the countries possess d. It has emphasized diplomacy over military action e. It has been driven by the threat the countries pose to the United Statese. It has been driven by the threat the countries pose to the United StatesBecause the nature of war has changed over the past 100 years, what changes does the United States need to make in its preparation for future wars? a. increase the number of armed forces personal and weaponry, since terrorism focuses on military targets and future wars will bring far more casualties and destruction to the military b. reduce the number of armed services personnel but increase the number of stealth bomber and fighter pilots, since less face-to-face combat will be required in future wars c. increase defense spending to build a stronger arsenal of nuclear weapons, since nuclear wars will be inevitable d. increase the number of stealth bomber and fighter pilots, since the main focus in future wars will be on taking out government that sponsor terrorists e. reinstate military conscription, since large numbers of armed forces personnel will be needed to go after the nongovernmental political actors who engage in terrorismb. reduce the number of armed services personnel but increase the number of stealth bomber and fighter pilots, since less face-to-face combat will be required in future warsWhich of the following is an example of the use of public diplomacy during the Cold War? a. the Voice of American program established by the Office of War Information, that broadcast pro-U.S. information into Nazi Germany b. the establishment of an Office of Global Communication s, designed to enhance the United States' reputation abroad and counter the image of the United States as the "Great Satan" c. President Harry Truman's Campaign of Truth that led to the creation of the U.S. Information Agency, which focused on countering negative propaganda from the Soviet Union and communist organization d. government-produced posters that encouraged people to reduce waste and grow vegetable in "victory gardens" e. the distribution of pro-United States bumper stickers by the U.S. Information Agency that began shortly after World War II as part of the Marshall Planc. President Harry Truman's Campaign of Truth that led to the creation of the U.S. Information Agency, which focused on countering negative propaganda from the Soviet Union and communist organizationWhy has the United States refused to ratify the Kyoto Protocol? a. because of the brief that the U.S. economy would be weakened by the emissions limits imposed by the treaty b. because fewer than 20 nations have signed it so it is not well supported internationally c. because now that many manufacturing jobs have been relocated to Mexico, emissions are of less concern in the United States than previously d. because U.S. government officials believe that global warming is caused by natural cycles, not by emission e. because emission will not be a problem much longer now that the United States and other countries are moving toward green energya. because of the brief that the U.S. economy would be weakened by the emissions limits imposed by the treatyWhy are isolationists dissatisfied with contemporary U.S. foreign policy? a. because the United States does not do enough to address human rights abuses b. because the United States has ignored atrocities in Africa and other developing countries c. because the United States has allowed China to catch up economically d. because the United States has refused to work with its allies to address terrorism e. because the United States actively inserts itself into international affairse. because the United States actively inserts itself into international affairsWhy has the United States taken a keen interest in China in recent years? a. The United States wants to ensure that China does not fall into communist rule b. The United States wants China to be a bastion of democracy in an otherwise volatile area of the world c. China has a large supply of oil that can be exported to the United States d. China is a large market in an increasingly global economy e. China has begun to implement increasingly isolationist foreign and defense policiesd. China is a large market in an increasingly global economyWhy is diplomacy often preferred over use of the military to settle foreign policy disagreements? a. Diplomacy is more likely to be successful b. Diplomacy is more likely to lead to military alliances c. Diplomacy is more likely to lead to isolationism d. Diplomacy is less likely to lead to war e. Diplomacy is less likely to be appropriate for trading disagreementsd. Diplomacy is less likely to lead to warWhy is it easier for the president to influence foreign and defense policy than it is for Congress to do so? a. The president has larger group of foreign and defense policy advisors b. The president has unlimited appropriations for foreign and defense policy c. The president has the power to approve treaties d. The president can pass laws that require Congress to act e. The president cannot use the military without prior approval from Congressa. The president has larger group of foreign and defense policy advisorsUnder the George W. Bush administration, Congress reorganized the intelligence community and created a new position known as the director of National Intelligence. Why did Congress do this? a. The director of the Central Intelligence Agency needed additional authority to combat the growing threat posed by weapons of mass destruction b. The September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks revealed flaws in the wat the U.S. intelligence community operates c. There was a need for the decentralization of authority within the intelligence community to prevent competition between agencies d. The previous organizational structure of the intelligence community encouraged the various agencies to do too much of their work collaboratively e. Congress wanted the Bush administration to have greater influence over the intelligence communityb. The September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks revealed flaws in the wat the U.S. intelligence community operatesWhich of the following is most likely to have the greatest influence over U.S. foreign policy? a. secretary of state b. director of the Central Intelligence Agency c. director the National Security Agency d. director of National Intelligence e. chairman of the Joint Chief of Staffa. secretary of stateWhat sit the most serious common threat posed to the United States by both Iran and North Korea? a. terrorism b. trade wars c. economic embargos d. nuclear ambitions e. communismd. nuclear ambitions