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The decision the recognize asylum seekers as a refugee is primarily economic.FalseThe motive behind migrations is not a relevant factor in the study of immigration.FalseThe chapter focuses on why and how migration is a security issue.TrueMigrants or minority communities can be seen as bringing violence and instability to peaceful host societies.TrueDemographics and population movement is not relevant to national security.FalseBorder controls involve: policies on who may enter, for how long, and under what conditions.TrueMigrants are sometimes perceived as criminals.TrueThe relationship between migration and terrorism has long been studied by scholars.FalseFor an asylum seeker to be recognized as a refugee is a political decision.TrueInternational agreements and practices generally guarantee the right of refugee status.FalseIntelligence can be viewed as a prelude to policy.TrueIntelligence can be viewed as a special kind on information.TrueThe German invasion Russia in 1941 offered new opportunities for surprise attack, regarding the arrival of strategic air power.TrueThe nefarious activities of intelligence agencies is not challenged by the intelligence community because of secrecy and nations security concerns.FalseThe WMD programme in Iraq is also seen as an intelligence community success.FalseMost intelligence, officers, privately admit that state secrecy is increasing.FalseRegarding 9/11, this is an example of an intelligence success as the intelligence community had warned policy makers well in advance.FalseEisenhower's explanation of the U-2 spy plane about scientific exploration was accepted by most observers as truthful and later proved to be valid.FalseThe targets of the intelligence community have remained constant.FalseIntelligence has under performed in recent wars.TrueNine-eleven is seen as an intelligence failure.TrueMoral outrage is not a consideration in reforming intelligence .FalseThe chapter concludes with a discussion of intelligence by noting how the field is dominated by the current and updated concept regarding the strategic process and concepts of intelligence.FalseIntelligence services do not get involved in facilitating discussions between states that do not have diplomatic relations.FalseDuring the past decade or so there has been a rapid decline in cooperation between intelligence services.FalseHard nosed realists conclude that virtually all covert actions go well.FalseThere is not much literature on intelligence failure so far.FalseUnder the UN expanded security role, it, the UN , uses intelligence in its peacekeeping and conflict resolution activities.TrueThreats are now more transnational than international.TrueThe ideas of reforming intelligence have been met with wide degree of agreeFalseA military victory rarely results in peace in ethnic conflict or ethnic civil war.FalseThe two broad categories of ethnic violent conflicts are riots and armed conflict or wars between sovereign states.FalseThe instrumentalist approach to explaining civil wars does not involve weak governments.FalseIdentities sometime change.TrueAn example of an ethnic war is Pakistan's effort to repress the Bengalis.TrueThere is widespread agreement on what counts as ethnic conflict.FalseDuring an ethnic conflict or civil war, refugees may be seen as threats to international security.TrueThe explanations of ethnic civil wars are divided along very dissimilar lines.FalseBosnia is an example of the effectiveness of peacekeepers.FalseAn example of an ethnic war clearly includes the confrontation with China over Taiwan and the United States.FalseNuclear weapons in principal, became the guarantors of international peace and security during the Cold War soon after 1945.TrueThe possession and protection of nuclear weapons , however, does not remain the fundamental basis for international order, even after the Cold War.FalseThe lynchpin of the non-proliferation regime is the NPT.TrueThe NPT has been more successful at slowing down or disarming states who already have nuclear weapons than at preventing new states from acquiring nuclear weapons.FalseScholars and practitioners agree that eventually nuclear weapons should be decoupled from international peace and security.TrueThe NPT has been more successful in preventing new states from acquiring nuclear weapons than it has been in either slowing down or disarming states that already possess nuclear weapons.TrueAn example of a non-state actor is Iran.FalseA formidable challenge in nuclear weapons acquisition etc., comes from non-state actors.TrueThe lynchpin of the proliferation regime is the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.FalseThis chapter deliberately focuses on nuclear weapons, including biological and chemical weapons.FalseAlliance diplomacy has typically constituted a major component of states external policies.TrueIn terms of an alliance the NAFTA is discussed , in chapter 18, as an alliance only lasted about 6 six years.FalseIn terms of an alliance the NAFTA is discussed , in chapter 18, as an alliance only lasted about 6 six years.FalseChapter 18 does not discuss alliance formation.FalseAlliance diplomacy has typically constituted a major component of states external policies.TrueThe concept of alliances has a virtually single definition that is widely agree upon by the global community.FalseAlliance diplomacy has typically constituted a major component of states external policies.TrueIn terms of an alliance the NAFTA is discussed , in chapter 18, as an alliance only lasted about 6 six years.FalseInternational alliances are among the most significant phenomena in security studies.TrueChapter 18 does not discuss alliance formation.FalseIn terms of an alliance the NAFTA is discussed , in chapter 18, as an alliance only lasted about 6 six years.FalseLegitimate sovereignty thus required a demonstration of responsibility, as the text discusses.TrueR2P does not about involve politics it is about protecting populations only.FalseInternational society has repeated failed in protecting populations from mass killings, rape and deportation.TrueThe concept of sovereignty is not relevant to the discussion of R2P.FalseWhen atrocity crimes are committed international society is less likely that it once was to take some form of collective action.FalseThe concept of sovereignty is relevant to the discussion of R2P.TrueThe Rwanda genocide raised questions about how international society should make good on its promise to affirm human rights by preventing genocide and mass killings etc.TrueThe debate over R2P pitted the US against the UN.FalseAbsolute sovereignty is commonly understood as providing a government with carte blanche within its internationally recognized borders.TrueThe R2P concept was born of the long standing ideas about the responsibilities incumbent on sovereigns.TrueThe 1994 Human Development Report promised a revolutionary move in security studies , re-orientating the focus towards sovereign states.FalseThe concept of security has long been interpreted very broadly.FalseThe state is the sole means of providing security, according to the UNDP 1994 report.FalseHuman security is not universal, meaning that it does not apply to all human beings, according to the 1994 UNDP report.FalsePolitical security acknowledges the role of the state, as a potential threat, to human security.TrueThe UNDP report of 1994 did recognize that personal security is as vital as some other kinds of security.TrueAt its core, the concept of security is about reducing or eliminating economic fear.FalseHuman security challenges the states privileged position.TrueThe "who decides issue" is not relevant to understanding the concept of human security.FalseDid Thomas and Tow agree that the primary agent of human insecurity is the state.FalseGender and feminist analyses take their starting point from the bottom up, similar to critical human security approaches.TrueHuman insecurities in the Arctic provide important case studies for understanding the contextualized, at time competing, and complex nature of human security.TrueThe lessons learned thus far are that human security perspective's, emanating from individuals and communities from the bottom up, are relevant to so-called traditional or state security priorities articulated by governments.TrueFortunately, there is a single widely accepted definition of culture.FalseOne of United Nations primary functions is to address threats to international peace and security.TrueSaddam Hussein in refusing to withdraw even partially from Kuwait demonstrates his actions consistent with the rational actor model.FalsePower comes in many forms.TrueStrategic culture directs our attention to national attitudes towards the use and projection of force.TrueCultures often often change through small adaptationsTrueSecurity cultures do not exist at the international level.FalseStudents of security can deny the existence of culture and can avoid virtually all risk.FalseThere are no known characteristics of a peace keeping culture.FalseSome security analysts note why states might be irrational.TrueThe peacekeeping and peacebuilding culture is not discussed in this chapter.FalseCulture are resilient.TrueIf security scholars have chosen to define power in material terms, it is the most easily measured.TrueRational actor assumptions make it easier to analyze the behavior of states.TrueSecurity studies have tended to treat culture as critical to understanding security in general.FalseThe first and most basic level of the security dilemma consists of a dilemma of interpretation such as motives.TrueThe genearal claim in this chapter is that uncertainty is the twenty-first century is set to be intense.TrueCertainty is at the heart of all human relations.FalseThucydides argued that what led to World War II was a basic misunderstanding of the German motive, when they attacked Pearl Harbor in 1914.FalseFatalist voices argue that the search for security is primordial, because states cannot trust each other in the anarchical condition of international politics.TrueThe idea of future uncertainty appears to construct international politics as an inescapable insecurity trap.TrueExistential uncertainty is at the heart of all human relations.TrueExistential implies or means that an event is a passing and occasional phenomenon.FalseLogically, the dilemma of response kicks in when the dilemma of interpretation has been settled.TrueA former British Prime Minister, Tony Blair, said "the one thing certain about our world is uncertainty".TrueLiberal feminists tended to ague that women and and men are essentially quite different from one another and essentially quite similar to one another.FalsePart of the justification for intervention in Afghanistan focused on the Taliban's treatment of women.TrueLiberal feminists privilege notions of equality and have tended to focus on questions of women's representations within the public sphere.TrueThe chapter argument is that the ways in which gender is implicated in questions of international security have a singular focus and that is that is international security issues should be gender neutral set of practices.FalseGender neutral analysis of armed conflict tends to focus on territory and resources gained and not people.TrueBecause women are seldom viewed as having serving as combatants they may experience greater freedom in organizing informal peace campaigns.TrueMuch of the work by scholars, human rights organizations and international institutions focuses on the ways , women and girls are subjected to heightened levels of sexual violence during wartime including sexual torture.TrueFeminist accounts of armed conflict do explore the ways in which women are actors in armed conflict.TrueThe United States own sexual torture techniques against Vietnamese prisoners of war illustrated well the ways in which men can be targets of sexual violence, with an explicit intention to injure and humiliate during the Korean War.FalseThe study of IR and international security traditionally has been focused towards people not states.False
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