A&P 3 Final Exam Set 1

The larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles all make up the:
A) internal respiratory tract
B)upper respiratory tract
C)alveoli of the respiratory tract
D)respiratory mucosa
E)lower respiratory tract.
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Terms in this set (33)
The larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles all make up the:
A) internal respiratory tract
B)upper respiratory tract
C)alveoli of the respiratory tract
D)respiratory mucosa
E)lower respiratory tract.
E. lower respiratory tract
Pulmonary ventilation refers to the
A)movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood
B)movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the interstitial space
C)movement of air into and out of the lungs
D)utilization of oxygen
E)movement of dissolved gases from the interstitial space to the cells.
C. movement of air in and out of lungs
The C shape of the tracheal cartilages is important because:large masses of air can pass through the trachea.it facilitates turning of the head.large masses of food can pass through the esophagus during swallowing.it permits the trachea to pinch shut prior to sneezing.the bronchi are also C-shaped.
large masses of food can pass through the esophagus during swallowing.
Asthma is
Question options:caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.characterized by fluid buildup in the alveoli.an obstructive tumor.an acute condition resulting from unusually sensitive, irritated conducting airways.a collapsed lung.
an acute condition resulting from unusually sensitive, irritated conducting airways.
If a patient inhales as deeply as possible and then exhales as much as possible, the volume of air expelled would be the patient's
Question options:vital capacity.reserve volume.expiratory reserve volume.tidal volume.inspiratory reserve volume.
vital capacity.
Dalton's law states that
Question options:gas volume and pressure are inversely proportional.the volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the solubility of the gas and the gas pressure.gas volume and temperature are directly proportional.in a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture.gas pressure is inversely proportional to gas volume.
in a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture.
For maximum loading of hemoglobin with oxygen at the lungs, the
Question options:DPG levels in the red blood cells should be high.PCO2 should be low.PO2 should be about 70 mm Hg.pH should be slightly acidic.PCO2 should be high.
PCO2 should be low.
During a yoga class you take a deep breath, then relax and let the breath out slowly. During that exhalation, which would NOT be true?
Question options:The diaphragm relaxes.Intrapleural pressure becomes less negative.Alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.Lung volume decreases.Intrapleural pressure is greater than alveolar pressure.
Intrapleural pressure is greater than alveolar pressure.
Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is
Question options:bound to the same protein as carbon dioxide.in ionic form as solute in the plasma.carried by white blood cells.bound to hemoglobin.dissolved in plasma.
bound to hemoglobin.
The pneumotaxic center of the pons
Question options:stimulates the dorsal respiratory group.sets the at-rest respiratory pattern.suppresses the expiratory center in the medulla.modifies the rate and depth of breathing.prolongs inspiration.
modifies the rate and depth of breathing.
After CO2 is produced by tissues, in what form is most of that carbon transported to the lungs for removal from the body? A)As H2CO3 B)As carbonic anhydrase C)As dissolved CO2 D)Bound to hemoglobin E)As dissolved HCO3-E. As dissolved HCO3-Following strenuous exercise, blood levels of lactic acid are ________ compared to pre-exercise levels. This change in acid concentration causes a reflex ________ in ventilation by activating ________. Question options: A)increased; increase; baroreceptors in the aortic arch B)decreased; decrease; central chemoreceptors C)increased; increase; central chemoreceptors D)increased; increase; peripheral chemoreceptors E)decreased; decrease; peripheral chemoreceptorsD. increased; increase; peripheral chemoreceptorsThe volume of gas remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration is the ________. A) tidal volume B)vital capacity C)inspiratory reserve volume D)residual volumeresidual volumeCarbon dioxide ________ oxygen unloading and oxygen unloading ________ carbon dioxide transport. increases; improves increases; worsens decreases; worsens decreases; improvesincreases, improvesThe muscles controlled by the VRG are the. diaphram internal intercostals scalenes external intercostals sternocleidomastoidinternal intercostalsHistotoxic hypoxia results from decreased oxygen availability in the environment inability of the cells to use oxygen decreased blood flow decreased red blood cell function decreased gas exchange due to bronchial constriction, pneumonia, etcinability of the cells to use oxygenWhich of the following conditions would lead to the Highest affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen? Increased temperature. Increased P CO2. Increased pH. lncreased BPG. None of the above.increased pHThe conchae provide an opening into the pharynx. provide a surface for the sense of smell. divide the nasal cavity into a right and a left side. provide an opening to paranasal sinuses. create turbulence in the air to trap particulate matter in mucus.create turbulence in the air to trap particulate matter in mucus.Tina is singing a song. At a certain point in the song she forces a large volume of air out of the glottis and at the same time increases the tension on her vocal cords. The sound that she produces is low pitched and loud. high pitched and loud .medium pitched and soft. low pitched and soft. high pitched and soft.high and loudA patient with a connective tissue disease experiences increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Over a period of time you would expect to observe increased thickness of the right ventricular wall. increased cardiac output from the right ventricle .increased cardiac output from the left ventricle. no appreciable changes in heart structure or function. distension of the pulmonary veins from the right lungincreased thickness of the right ventricular wall.Blockage of pulmonary blood flow by a clot or similar obstruction is pulmonary embolism. emphysema. pneumothorax. COPD. anoxia.pulmonary embolism.Boyle's law states that the pressure of a gas is: directly proportional to temperature. always higher in the atmosphere than in the lungs. directly proportional to the volume of its container .inversely proportional to volume of its container .inversely proportional to temperature.inversely proportional to volume of its container.As Samantha begins her ascent up Mt Everest, what is the first change to take place in response to the drop in atmospheric pressure? decreased hemoglobin saturation decreased alveolar PO2 increased hematocrit renal hypoxia increased alveolar ventilation ratedecreased alveolar PO2Low pH alters hemoglobin structure so that oxygen binds less strongly to hemoglobin at low PO2. This increases the effectiveness of carbon dioxide transport. acid-base balance. external respiration. hemoglobin synthesis. internal respiration.internal respirationWhen does oxyhemoglobin form during respiration? during pulmonary ventilation during internal respiration immediately after carbon dioxide enters the blood when the chloride shift occurs during external respirationduring external respirationWhich of the following factors would increase the amount of oxygen discharged by hemoglobin to peripheral tissues? decreased amounts of DPG decreased pH increased tissue PO2 decreased temperature All of the answers are correct.decreased pHThe percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the temperature is 38 degrees centigrade is less than the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the temperature is 43 degrees centigrade. greater than the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the temperature is 43 degrees centigrade. equal to the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the temperature is 43 degrees centigrade.greater than the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the temperature is 43 degrees centigrade.During a run, your gastrocnemius (calf) muscle has a temperature of 38.5° C, while your biceps brachii (upper arm) muscle has a temperature of 37.5° C. Which of the following is TRUE of the red blood cells as they pass by these muscles? The hemoglobin molecules will have the same affinity for oxygen at both locations. The hemoglobin molecules will have a higher affinity for oxygen as they pass by the gastrocnemius compared to the biceps brachii. The hemoglobin molecules will have a higher affinity for oxygen as they pass by the biceps brachii compared to the gastrocnemius. The hemoglobin molecules may denature as they pass by the gastrocnemius.The hemoglobin molecules will have a higher affinity for oxygen as they pass by the biceps brachii compared to the gastrocnemius.Which is characteristic of a person chronically suffering from hypoxic hypoxia? Lower-than-normal lactic acid production Higher-than-normal hematocrit Higher-than-normal arterial PO2 Lower-than-normal blood flow through tissues Higher-than-normal alveolar PO2Higher-than-normal hematocritCessation of breathing is known as ________. eupnea apnea pneumothorax dyspneaapneaThe enzyme ________ catalyzes the formation of H2CO3 from CO2 and water. lactate dehydrogenase nitric oxide synthase carbonic anhydrase renincarbonic anhydraseThe reason the elasticity and surface tension of the lungs do not cause the lungs to collapse between exhalation and inhalation is because the intrapleural pressure is less than the intrapulmonary pressure the intrapulmonary pressure is less than the atmospheric pressure the intrapulmonary pressure is higher than the atmospheric pressure the intrapleural pressure is greater than the atmospheric pressure more than one of the abovethe intrapleural pressure is less than the intrapulmonary pressureWhich of the following indicates the correct order of increased activity due to rising H+ levels? DRG, pneumotaxic area, VRG. Apneustic area, VRG, DRG, pneumotaxic area. VRG, pneumotaxic area, DRG. Pneumotaxic area, DRG, VRG, apneustic area. none of the above.DRG, pneumotaxic area, VRG.