What do we call a small piece of solar system debris that has fallen to the surface of Earth?A meteoriteWhere do scientists think that Jupiter's strong magnetic field is generated?In its metallic hydrogen layerWhat is the most important reason why an icy moon is more likely to be geologically active than a rocky moon of the same size?Ice is less rigid and has a lower melting point than rock.What made most of the oxygen nuclei in the solar system?StarsIf the Moon is setting at noon, the phase of the Moon must be ________.third quarterWe have obtained spectra of two hydrogen gas clouds and are studying an emission line that has a laboratory wavelength of 656.3 nm. This emission line appears in Cloud A's spectrum with a wavelength of 660.1 nm and in Cloud B's spectrum at 670.2 nm. What can we conclude about these clouds?We have obtained spectra of two hydrogen gas clouds and are studying an emission line that has a laboratory wavelength of 656.3 nm. This emission line appears in Cloud A's spectrum with a wavelength of 660.1 nm and in Cloud B's spectrum at 670.2 nm. What can we conclude about these clouds?What would happen if Jupiter was suddenly replaced by a black hole with the same mass as Jupiter?The orbits of the planets in our solar system would be unaffected.The surface of the neutron star RXJ2015 has a temperature of 10 million K. This neutron star emits radiation most strongly in ________.x-ray lightThe figure above shows how the luminosity of supernovae changes over time. Which type of supernova is the most luminous one year after the explosion?Massive star supernovaHow might a pulsar appear to an observer?It may appear to flash several times per second or more with near perfect regularity.Which of the following is closest in size (radius) to a white dwarf?EarthYou observe a nova. Based on current understanding, you can also conclude that you are observing ________.a close binary system in which one member is a white dwarfWhich of the following is always true about a 1.2-solar mass white dwarf compared to a 1.0 solar mass white dwarf?The more massive white dwarf has a smaller radius.How much would a teaspoon of white dwarf material weigh on Earth?A few tonsDuring which of the following phases of life is a star's balance of pressure and gravity out of equilibrium?When it is expanding as a red giantWhat is thought to prevent the formation of stars with masses larger than about 300 times that of our Sun?Such massive stars would generate so much light that radiation pressure would blow them apartWhich element has the lowest mass per nuclear particle and therefore cannot release energy by either fusion or fission?IronThe most common main-sequence stars have spectral type ________.MThe most massive stars have masses somewhere around ________.150 solar massesWhich statement accurately describes how our Sun fits into the mass range of stars?The Sun is near the middle of the overall mass range, but most stars are less massive than the Sun.The strength of gravity within a molecular cloud depends on ________.density onlyHow does the lava that forms a steep-sided volcano (a stratovolcano) compare to the lava that forms a shallow-sloped volcano (a shield volcano)?The lava is thicker (higher viscosity) for the steep-sided stratovolcano.Which of the following statements about the greenhouse effect is true?All of the above are true.Which of the following terms is given to a pair of stars that we can determine are orbiting each other only by measuring their periodic Doppler shifts?Spectroscopic binaryStar X has an apparent magnitude of 3, and star Y has an apparent magnitude of 8. What can we conclude?Star X appears brighter in the night sky than star Y.Suppose the distance to a star was doubled but everything else about the star stayed the same. What would happen to the star's luminosity?It would remain the same.On a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, where on the main sequence would we find stars that have the greatest mass?Upper leftWhich of the following people used the ideas of quantum mechanics to describe why the spectral classification scheme is in order of decreasing temperature?Cecilia Payne-GaposchkinThe most fundamental property of a star is its ________.massWhich main sequence stars have the lowest mass?Spectral type MStar X has spectral type B. Star Y has spectral type M. What can we conclude?Star X has a higher surface temperature than star Y.Uranus's large axis tilt causes it to ________.have extreme seasonal variations
