General Genetics - Exam Four 2022

In a pedigree for an autosomal recessive trait, we expect to observe _____ and ______.
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In a pedigree for an autosomal recessive trait, we expect to observe _____ and ______.
skipped generations; unaffected parents with affected children
Huntington's disease is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait in humans. Which of the following would you expect to observe for Huntington's disease?
a person with Huntington's likely also has a parent with Huntington's.
What patter of inheritance is most consistent with the above pedigree?
autosomal recessive
Image: What patter of inheritance is most consistent with the above pedigree?
In the above pedigree, what is the probability that individual III-1 is a career for the myopia trait?
2/3
Image: In the above pedigree, what is the probability that individual III-1 is a career for the myopia trait?
In the above pedigree, if individual III-2 has a child with someone who is unrelated to them and has no family history of myopia, which of the following would you expect?
the child likely will not be nearsighted, but will be a carrier for the trait
Image: In the above pedigree, if individual III-2 has a child with someone who is unrelated to them and has no family history of myopia, which of the following would you expect?
Which of the following are consistent with the patterns of inheritance shown in the pedigrees above?
1=x-linked recessive, 2=autosomal dominant, 3=autosomal recessive, 4=x-linked dominant
Image: Which of the following are consistent with the patterns of inheritance shown in the pedigrees above?
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a respiratory disease in humans that is caused by a recessive mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, located on chromosome 7. Which of the pedigrees shown above is most consistent with the inheritance of cystic fibrosis?
Pedigree 3
Image: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a respiratory disease in humans that is caused by a recessive mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, located on chromosome 7. Which of the pedigrees shown above is most consistent with the inheritance of cystic fibrosis?
A common type of red/green colorblindness in humans is caused by a recessive mutation located on the X chromosome. Which of the pedigrees shown above is most consistent with the inheritance of red/green colorblindness?
Pedigree 1
Image: A common type of red/green colorblindness in humans is caused by a recessive mutation located on the X chromosome. Which of the pedigrees shown above is most consistent with the inheritance of red/green colorblindness?
One of Mendel's dihybrid cross experiments examined the inheritance of seed color and seed shape. From a cross between two F1 dihybrid plants with round yellow seeds, Mendel observed the following in the F2 generation:
316 plants with round yellow seeds
102 plants with wrinkled yellow seeds
109 plants with round green seeds
33 plants with wrinkled green seeds
Use the chi-square test to determine whether the F2 phenotypes fit the expected ratio. Which of the following matches your calculated chi-square value?
0.355
Image: One of Mendel's dihybrid cross experiments examined the inheritance of seed color and seed shape. From a cross between two F1 dihybrid plants with round yellow seeds, Mendel observed the following in the F2 generation: 316 plants with round yellow seeds 102 plants with wrinkled yellow seeds 109 plants with round green seeds 33 plants with wrinkled green seeds Use the chi-square test to determine whether the F2 phenotypes fit the expected ratio. Which of the following matches your calculated chi-square value?
How many degrees of freedom are found in the provided data set?
3
Referring to the chi-square table, which of the following p value ranges corresponds to your calculated chi-square value?greater than 0.90Which of the following should you conclude?Fail to reject the null hypothesis; the observed values match the expected ratioConsider an individual with the genotype d +/+ e. Which of the following diagrams could accurately illustrate the chromosomal arrangement of these genes and their associated alleles in a cell from this individualDiagram BAgain referring to the chromosome diagrams shown in the previous question, two of these diagrams are drawn to show arrangements of genes and alleles that would not occur in reality. Which two diagrams do not make sense, given your knowledge about the locations of genes and their respective alleles?Diagrams C and ECrossing over _____.is a reciprocal exchange of DNA between non-sister chromatids, allows genes on the same chromosome to assort independently, occurs a small number of times per tetrad and at random locations across the length of the chromosome. (all of the above)Based on the testcross results shown above, which of the gene pairs (if any) exhibit linkage?blue eyes and forked tailBased on the testcross results shown above, the short fins and blue eyes genes.Could be on different chromosomes, or on the same chromosome at least 50 cM apart.Based on the testcross results shown above, calculate a map distance between the short fins and blue eyes genes.this gene pair does not exhibit linkage, so a map distance cannot be calculatedBased on the testcross results shown above, calculate a map distance between the blue eyes and forked tail genes.17.9 cMUsing b and f for the blue eyes and forked tail genes, respectively, which of the following genotypes could accurately describe the dihybrid parents in the testcross 2 shown above.b f / + +The genetic phenomenon where the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes is known as ______.incomplete dominanceA cross between two pink flowered snapdragon plants should produce offspring with ______ flowers, while a cross between a red-flowered snapdragon and a white-flowered snapdragon should produce offspring with _____ flowers.1/2 pink, 1/4 red, and 1/4 white; all pinkIn lentils, a single gene with multiple alleles controls seed coat pattern. In a cross between a true-breeding spotted lentil and a true-breeding dotted lentil, all of the F1 progeny had seeds that were spotted and dotted (i.e. every seed had both spots and dots). What genetic phenomenon does this represent?co-dominanceReferring again to the lentil cross above, if you were to cross two of the F1 spotted-dotted plants, what phenotypic ratio would you expect in the F2 generation?1 spotted: 2 spotted + dotted : 1 dottedA complementation test is used to determine ________.if two mutations affect the same gene, or different genesRecall that in Labrador retrievers, the E gene is epistatic to the B gene for coat color such that ee individuals are yellow regardless of their B genotype. At the B locus, the dominant B allele specifies a black coat and the recessive b allele specifies brown. Two black labs mated and produced a litter of black, brown and yellow puppies. In their next litter, what proportion of puppies do you expect to be yellow?1/4Which of the following is a possible genotype for a black Labrador retriever, assuming the B and E genes are located on different chromosomes?B/B; E/eWhich of the following is a possible genotype for a black Labrador retriever, assuming the B and E genes are located on the same chromosome.BE/beRecessive epistasis is one type of genetic interaction that can later expected Mendelian rations. In a dihybrid self cross (AaBb x AaBb), a recessive epistatic interaction between the two genes alters the expected 9:3:3:1 progeny phenotypic ratio to _______.9:3:4In Drosophila, a dominant mutation known as Curly (Cy) causes a fly's wings to curl upwards at the tip. The Cy mutation is also recessive lethal, and homozygous Cy/Cy flies die before adulthood. From a cross between two flies with curly wings, what proportion of the progeny would you expect to also exhibit the curly phenotype?2/3If non-disjunction occurs during meiosis I in a heterozygous individual with the genotype Aa, which of the following aneuploid gametes could result? (Assume disjunction occurs normally during meiosis II).AaIf non-disjunction occurs during meiosis II in a heterozygous individual with the genotype Aa, which of the following aneuploid gametes could result? (Assume disjunction has occurred normally during meiosis I).AA or aa (either a or b are possible)Non-disjunction during meiosis I involves a failure of _____ to separate, and non-disjunction during meiosis II involves a failure of _____ to separate.homologue chromosomes, sister chromatidsThe following diagram illustrates what type of error?unequal crossing overAgain referring to the diagram above, which of the following chromosomal variations typically result from this type of error?deletions