problem sets for final

Cell division is the process of taking a parent cell and splitting it into 2 new genetically identical daughter cells. All organisms go through the process of cell division. What do bacteria use cell division for and how?
- All of these reasons, binary fission
- Maintenance, mitosis
- Reproduction, binary fission
- Reproduction, mitosis
- Cell and Tissue Repair, binary fission
- All of these reasons, mitosis
- Growth & Development, binary fission

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Terms in this set (41)

Reproduction, binary fission

After a long evening of intense studying for your biology test you cut your finger on your papers as you are putting them back in your biology folder. You clean the cut, put a band aid on and know that you will heal because of what process?
binary fission
Transcription and Translation
meiosis
mitosis

mitosis

The typical human body cells contains 46 chromosomes. How many does a typical human egg cell contain?
96
2
23
46

What is the correct order of the Cell Cycle?
- G1, G2, S, Mitosis, cytokinesis
- Cytokinesis, G1, G2, S, Mitosis
- G1, S, G2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
- Mitosis, Cytokinesis, G1, S, G2

G1, S, G2, M

One difference between cell division in plant cells and in animal cells is that plant cells have...
- A cell plate
- Centromeres
- Centrioles
- Chromatin

a cell plate

This stage of the cell cycle is characterized by growth and it contains a checkpoint to verify that all of the DNA has been replicated prior to mitosis
S
G2
Cytokinesis
G1
Mitosis

Which of the checkpoints checks if the cell is large enough and has enough reserves to move forward in the cell cycle? choose all that apply.
Mitotic checkpoint
G2 checkpoint
G1 checkpoint
Cytokinesis checkpoint
S checkpoint

G2 checkpoint
G1 checkpoint

Which of these does NOT describe what is happening when cancer develops?
Regulated cell growth and division
the presence of several oncogenes
Mutations in tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes
Uncontrolled cell growth

Regulated cell growth and division

Even though mitosis and meiosis produce cells for different purposes, there are similarities between the two processes. Which statement most accurately states how the two types of cell division are alike?
Homologous chromosomes cross over during the first prophase stage in both processes.
DNA replicates before mitotic prophase and prophase II.
The daughter cells produced by both processes are haploid.
Sister chromatids separate during anaphase II and mitotic anaphase.

Sister chromatids separate during anaphase II and mitotic anaphase.

If a parent cell of a certain organism has 16 chromosomes total in each somatic cell and it undergoes meiosis, the resulting daughter cells will have ____ chromosomes.
4
16
32
8

Homologous chromosomes may differ from each other in terms of _____________. types of alleles size number of genes shapetypes of allelesWhich of these lead to genetic diversity in a population? Mitosis Crossing over Mutations Recombination Segregation of Chromosomes Independent Assortmentcrossing over mutations recombinaiton independent assortnHow are sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction different? - Asexual reproduction only occurs in multicellular organisms, but sexual reproduction only occurs in unicellular organisms. - Sexual reproduction produces offspring identical to the parents, but asexual reproduction produces offspring with traits from both parents - Asexual reproduction produces offspring identical to the parents, but sexual reproduction produces offspring with traits from both parents. - Sexual reproduction only occurs in multicellular organisms, but asexual reproduction only occurs in unicellular organisms.Asexual reproduction produces offspring identical to the parents, but sexual reproduction produces offspring with traits from both parents.Why is approximately 50% of any individual's DNA inherited from that individual's father? It was passed to the individual by a gamete from the father It was passed to the individual by a somatic cell from the father. Half of the individual's cells descend from the father's gamete Half of the individual's nuclei descend from the nucleus of the father's gamete.It was passed to the individual by a gamete from the fatherThis is a spider plant. On the ends of this spider plant, you can see little plantlettes or buddings. These can be cut off and planted in soil to grow into a new plant. What type of reproduction is this an example of? Asexual Sexual Both Asexual and Sexual None of theseasexualHumans and other animals utilize the process of sexual reproduction in which haploid gametes come together to produce a diploid zygote. This is an example of what kind of reproduction? Diploid Dominant Sexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Alternation of Generation Sexual Reproduction Haploid Dominant Sexual ReproductionDiploid Dominant Sexual ReproductionWhat is a likely evolutionary advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction? Sexual reproduction results in greater variation in the offspring. Sexual reproduction is more cost-effective. Less chance of using up the resources in a given environment. Sexual reproduction involves fewer steps.Sexual reproduction results in greater variation in the offspring.In the cell cycle, G0 represents a restriction checkpoint. Which of the following is NOT true about G0? Few, if any, adult cells are usually at this rest phase. Cells can reenter the growth cycle being in G0 if needed (injury, mutation, etc.). Many adult cells spend most time in G0 unless absolutely needed. Many different cell types that are at rest in G0 are resistant to conventional chemotherapy regimes. Some cells remain in G0 permanently.Few, if any, adult cells are usually at this rest phase.Two species of organisms A and B inhabit a particular geographic location. Organism A reproduces asexually while Organism B undergoes sexual reproduction. Due to natural calamities, there have been major changes in the biogeography of the habitat. Which of the following is true? Species A and B have equal chances of becoming extinct. Species A and B do not become extinct, as they were original inhabitants of the region. Species A has more chances to become extinct. Species B has more chances of becoming extinct.Species A has more chances to become extinct.After a certain meiotic division in a human male, 4 gametes were obtained with the following number of chromosomes: 22, 22, 24, 24. In which stage of meiosis did nondisjunction take place? Anaphase I Metaphase II Telophase II Anaphase II Telophase IAnaphase IA spotted lizard with a long tail is mated to a striped lizard with a short tail. Their offspring are all spotted with long tails. What is the probability of getting stripped lizards with long tails in the F2 generation? 3/16 1/3 1/16 6/16 9/163/16A very "hairy" plant has been found, but its genotype is unknown. "Hairy" is dominant over non-hairy. What could be done to determine the plant's genotype? *Assume you only have a very short time to do this experiment and can only cross one generation. Perform a testcross by crossing to a known true breeding hairy plant. Perform a testcross by crossing to a known true breeding non-hairy plant. Perform a monohybrid cross by crossing to a known heterozygous hairy plant. Cross it to itself (i.e. let it self-fertilize) then analyze the progeny.Perform a testcross by crossing to a known true breeding non-hairy plant.n a population of squirrels on campus in Aggieland having maroon fur and possessing the ability to "gig em" are both dominant to having white fur and the inability to gig em. If two pure bred squirrels are crossed (MMWW x mmww) they yield an entire hybrid generation of maroon furred, giggin' (MmWw) squirrels. When these hybrids are mated to white furred, NO giggin' squirrels, the following combinations appear: 400 Maroon, Gig em300 White, Non gig em175 White, Gig em125 Maroon, Non gig emWhat is the recombination frequency of these traits for squirrels in Aggieland? 30% 17.5% 40% 70% 12.5%30%Given the following recombination frequency information, what is the likely order of the genes N, O, S, and W? S to O = 35% W to N = 30% S to W = 45% N to S = 15% WSNO SONW SNOW WOSNSNOWWhat does a recombination frequency of 50% indicate? The two genes are likely to be located on the same chromosomes. All of the offspring have combinations of traits that match one of the two parents. The genes are located on sex chromosomes. The two genes are likely to be located on different chromosomes.The two genes are likely to be located on different chromosomes.Generally, only female cats have the tortoiseshell phenotype for fur color. Which of the following statements explains this phenomenon? Only males can have Barr bodies. Multiple crossovers on the Y chromosome prevent orange pigment production. The Y chromosome has a gene blocking orange coloration. A male inherits only one allele of the X-linked gene controlling hair color.A male inherits only one allele of the X-linked gene controlling hair color.Sex determination in mammals is due to the SRY gene found on the Y chromosome. Which of the following situations could allow a person with an XX karyotype to develop a male phenotype? translocation of SRY to an X chromosome the loss of the SRY gene from an autosome the presence of an extra autosomal chromosome the presence of one normal and one shortened (deleted) Xtranslocation of SRY to an X chromosomeAchondroplasia is a common form of dwarfism caused by an autosomal dominant mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene. Two copies of the mutant gene are invariably fatal before or shortly after birth. If a person with achondroplasia marries a person of normal height, what is the probability that both their first child and second child will have achondroplasia? 0 1/2 1/8 1/4 11/4Which of the following statements best describes sex-linked genes? Genes located on autosomal chromosomes that are not responsible for sex determination. Genes located on sex chromosomes that are responsible for sex determination. Genes that are located on a sex chromosome, but may or may not be involved in sex determination. Genes located on autosomal chromosomes that are involved in sex determination.Genes that are located on a sex chromosome, but may or may not be involved in sex determination.Hydrangea plants of the same genotype are planted in a large flower garden. Some of the plants produce blue flowers and others pink flowers. This can be best explained by which of the following? the alleles are codominant the knowledge that multiple alleles are involved the allele for blue hydrangea is completely dominant over the allele for pink hydrangea environmental factors such as soil pH affect the phenotypeenvironmental factors such as soil pH affect the phenotypeWhich of the following phenotypes is an example of polygenic inheritance? the ABO blood group in humans pink flowers in snapdragons white and purple flower color in peas skin pigmentation in humansskin pigmentation in humansCoat color in rabbits exhibits epistasis. The B locus determines the pigment present and the C locus determines the deposition of the pigment. The combination of these two locus can lead to several different coat colors as seen below. Black has a dominant B and C allele. Chocolate is completely recessive for the B gene. White is completely recessive for the C gene. Given this information, which of the following genotypes is possible if we cross the chocolate rabbit with the white rabbit and what color would it be? Bb CC, black Bb cc, chocolate BB cc, white BbCc, blackBbCc, blackIrene knows her blood type is A, but William does not know his blood type. However, William knows that his mother and father both had blood type B. Irene and William's first child is a boy with type O blood. Based on this information and the fact that the ABO blood group has multiple alleles with varying dominance patterns, William's blood type could be.... AB only O only A only either AB or O B only either B or Oeither B or OThree phenotypes for chickens are shown below. The allele for black is B and the allele for white is W. The heterozygous phenotype is known as erminette, or speckled. This is an example of what kind of dominance? Codominance Complete dominance Epigenetics Incomplete dominanceCodominanceA tetrahybrid cross was completed between two individuals with the genotypes: AABBCCDD x aabbccdd. They produced an F1 generation which were crossed together to get an F2 generation. Assuming these 4 genes independently assort, what is the probability that the F2 offspring will have the AABbccDd? 1/128 1/64 1/16 1/321/64Squirrels with bushy tails (a dominant trait) were mated with squirrels that had little hair on their tails. All of the offspring produced by this union had bushy tails. What were the genotypes of the parent squirrels and what is the probability that the offspring are homozygous dominant? 0% 100% Bb x bb BB x Bb Bb x Bb 25% BB x bb0% BB x bbHow many genetically different gametes can an organism with genotype AaBb produce? 1 2 8 44We utilize a punnett square to visualize the law of independent assortment, but it does not show the law of segregation. True FalsefalseThe term "monohybrid cross" refers to.... Will result in an F1 with entirely dominant phenotype, and an F2 with a 3:1 ratio of dominant:recessive phenotypes A cross where one gene is tracked, (with two alleles). AA x aa is an example of the parental generation of a monohybrid cross All of these answers are trueall answers are truematch the terms to either independent assortment or law of segregation demonstrated in Mendel's dihybrid crosses Only one copy of each gene will be present in an organism's gamete Alleles of one gene gets sorted without interference of any other alleles of other genes demonstrated in Mendel's monohybrid crosses Introduces genetic diversityIA demonstrated in Mendel's dihybrid crosses Alleles of one gene gets sorted without interference of any other alleles of other genes Introduces genetic diversity LoS Only one copy of each gene will be present in an organism's gamete demonstrated in Mendel's monohybrid crossesIn Mendelian genetics, when you have two organism's you are crossing (mating), and they are each homozygous for the gene of interest...... in other words, they are AA x aa..... we refer to those organisms as the ________ organisms. the F1 tester strains true breeding, parental monohybridtrue breeding, parental

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