Chapter 7 psych

· Psychosocial (neo analytic) perspective

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Terms in this set (43)

· Psychosocial (neo analytic) perspective

o Ego is responsible for adaptation
o Neo Freud
o Conflict between ID and Superego must be resolved by ego
§ Ego Strength

Effectance Motivation

motive to have an effect on one's surroundings

Competence Motivation

Motive to be effective when dealing with the environment

· Alfred Adler

Feelings of inferiority motivate striving for competency. Believed Every child is treated different within a family based on birth order

Adler's birth order

§ Firstborn: receives attention
· High expectations lead to motivation to achieve
· "Dethroned" by younger siblings
· Born Leaders
§ Secondborn (Middle?)
· Never had the power in family
o Always had rival
· Always have to catch up to firstborn
o Inferiority exists but without power sensitivity
§ Youngest
· Spoiled, indulged
Rebellious creative, attention seeking

Ego Control

Ability to inhibit expression of impulses

Ego resiliency

Flexibility. Modify your ego control to adapt to demands of situation

Karen Horney

Inferiority. Rejects freuds ideas of penis envy and women's role in childbirth and nurturing.

View of personality: people are born with basic anxiety

Erik Erikson

Theory that individuals pass through psychological stags of development, at each stage ego must resolve conflict

Erik's Stages

Trust v Mistrust (first year) / Autonomy v shame and doubt (2-3) / Initiative v guilt (3-5) / Industry v inferiority (6-11) / Identity v role confusion (12-20) / Intimacy v isolation (20's) / Generativity v stagnation (30-60's) / Ego integrity v despair (old age)

Trust v Mistrust (first year)§ Basic conflict: Learning to trust the world § Resolved conflict: Security and trust § Ego strength: Hope, optimismAutonomy v Shame/Doubt (2-3 years old)§ Basic conflict: Sense of autonomy in actions § Resolved Conflict: Sense of control § Unresolved: Feeling unable to act independently § Ego strength: determination to act on your willInitiative v guilt (3-5)§ Basic conflict: power struggle, desire to impose your will on surroundings § Resolve conflict: curiosity and exploration § Ego strength: pursue goals without fearIndustry v inferiority (6-11)§ Basic conflict: desire to accomplish things that other perceive to be valuable § Resolve conflict: Feeling of mastery § Unresolved conflict: inferiority, regression § Ego strength: CompetenceIdentity v role confusion (12-20)§ Basic conflict: desire to figure out who you are in the world § Resolve conflict: sense of identity § Unresolved conflict: identity crisis § Ego strength: Freedom to be who you are, loyalty, be yourselfIntimacy v Isolation (mid 20's)§ Basic conflict: Desire to form social relationships with other § Resolve conflict: ability to form consistent, intimate, stable relationships § Unresolved: isolation, avoidance of intimacy § Ego strength: LoveGenerativity v stagnation (60's)§ Basic conflict: Desire to create things in the world to outlive you § Resolved conflict: Contribute to society through work, family, social action § Unresolved conflict: Lack of growth § Ego strength: Care or caringEgo integrity v despair (old age)§ Basic conflict: reflect on your life § Resolve conflict: believe that your life had meaning, live good life § Unresolved: Despair and fear of death § Ego strength: wisdomEpigenetic Principle (Dan McAdams)o Issues that need to be resolved in each stage are present throughout the lifespan § Each crisis is especially important during each stage, but will need to be addressed throughout life.NarrativesMotivations that underlie personality and partly the way people construct their own identity and life storyCommitment storieswhen a person living good life sees bad and choices to change bad to goodRedemption storieswhen a bad situations is made into something goodObject Relations theoryo Social relationships critical to psychological development and functioning o Ego forms a bond with object (incorporate our experience of others into said object) o Ego-object bond helps to form personalityMargaret MahlerChildren develop a mental representation of themselves through the separation-individuation process. Attachment patterns in early childhood affects your relationships adulthoodSeparation individuation processSymbiosis --> Seperation and individuation --> Internalized object relationSymbiosisBirth to 6 months, infant fused with motherSeparation-individuation§ Gradual exploration away from mother § Represents period of inner conflict, desire for individuation · Taken care of by mother conflicting with want to be an individualInternalized object relation§ Age 3: Mother is with child symbolically all times § Child related to mother based on this "object" § Object generalized to other peopleHeinz KohutCame up with self psychologyEssential NarcissismHumans born with self centered needs that must be satisfied by othersSelfobjectSomeone who helps satisfy your needsMirroringo Parents respond to and gratify infants narcissistic needs o Mirror child by giving support and empathy § Child is center of universe and feels important o During childhood parents maintain child's sense of importance in order to foster an overall sense of importanceTransferenceo Transferring things onto selfobjects. Transferring the role of parents to other people and you expect them to mirror as you did· John BowlbyAttachment, care giver is the secure base, Infant's clinging to mother as biological basis: survival, Early attachment experiences, and quality of parental care influence personality developmentHarry HarlowMonkey mother experience with wire monkey and clothe monkeyContact comfort§ Comfortable feeling that infants gain by clinging to a soft attachment figure Contradicted psychoanalytic and behavioral emphasis of food for primary attachmentMary AinsworthStrange situation, and attachment styleSecure attachmentnormal distress when mother leaves, happy when she returns (responsive, synchronous) (high satisfaction with love)Insecure attachmentAmbivalent and avoidantambivalent attachmentclingy and upset when mom leaves, when returns baby wants attention but still angry at mother for leaving (inconsistent) (love linked to emotional lability, obsessive infatuations, jealousy, love quick but lost quick)Avoidant attachmentInfant is calm when mother leaves, seems indifferent (emotionally unavailable, rejecting, neglectful) (love harsh, less accepting of partner, love isn't real, doesn't last)Neo-analytic PerspectivePersonality theory that the ego is important to core of personalityPros and Cons of psychosocial perspectivePros: Attachment theories, looks at early childhood life, has theories that can work throughout life stages Cons: Clashes with the idea of genetic theories affecting behaviors and traits