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Terms in this set (265)
Define Volumethe amount of three-dimensional space occupied by a substanceDefine Massthe quantity of matter present in an objectDefine Significant Figuresthe numbers recorded in a measurementDefine Rounding Offreduce the number to fewer digitsDefine Conversion Factora ratio of the two parts of the statement that relates the two unitsDefine Equivalence Statementa statement that relates different units of measurementDefine Dimensional Analysischanging from one unit to another via conversion factorsDefine Fahrenheit scalethe temperature scale most widely used in the United States, Great Britain, and engineering sciencesDefine Celsius scalethe temperature scale most widely used in Canada, Europe, and the physical and life sciencesDefine Kelvin (absolute) scalea scale used in the sciences where 0 is absolute zeroDefine Densitythe amount of matter present in a given volume of substanceDefine Specific Gravitythe ratio of the density of a given liquid to the density of water at 4 degrees CelsiusDefine Matterthe "stuff" of which the universe is composed and has mass and occupies spaceDefine States of Mattersolid. liquid, gasDefine Solidrigid; has a fixed shape and volumeDefine Liquidhas a definite volume but takes the shape of its containerDefine Gashas no fixed volume or shape; takes the shape and volume of its containerDefine Physical Propertiesodor, color, volume, state, density, melting point, biling pointDefine Chemical Propertiesabilities to form new substancesDefine Physical Changechanges that do not affect the composition of the substanceDefine Chemical Changechanges that affect the composition of a substanceDefine Reactionchemical changesDefine Elementa series of fundamental substances which cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical meansDefine Compoundsubstances that have the same composition, which were formed by bonds between elements, no matter where we find themDefine Mixturesomething that has variable compositionDefine Pure Substancesomething that will always have the same compositionDefine Homogeneous Mixturea mixture that is the same throughoutDefine Solutiona homogeneous mixtureDefine Heterogeneous Mixturea mixture that contains regions that have different properties from those of other regionsDefine Distillationthe method for separating the components of a liquid mixture that depends on differences in the ease of vaporization of the componentsDefine Filtrationa method for separating the components of a mixture containing a solid and a liquidDefine Element Symbolsabbreviations for the chemical elementsDefine Law of Constant Compositiona given compound always contains elements in exactly the same proportion by massDefine Dalton's Atomic Theorya theory established by John Dalton in the early 1800s, used to explain the nature of materialsDefine Atomthe fundamental unit of which elements are composedDefine Chemical Formulaa representation of a molecule in which the symbols for the elements are used to indicate the types of atoms present and subscripts are used to show the relative number of atomsDefine Electrona negatively charged particle that occupies the space around the nucleus of an atomDefine Nuclear Atomthe modern concept of the atom at having a dense center of positive charge (the nucleus) and electrons moving around the outsideDefine Nucleusthe small dense center of positive change in an ionDefine Protona positively charged particle in an atomic nucleusDefine Neutrona particle in the atomic nucleus with a mass approximately equal to that of the proton but with no chargeDefine Isotopesatoms of the same element (the same number of protons) that have different numbers of neutrons. They have identical atomic numbers but different mass numbers.Define Atomic Numberthe number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; each element has a unique atomic numberDefine Mass Numberthe total number of protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus of an atomDefine Periodic Tablea chart showing all the elements arranged in columns in such a way that all the elements in a given column exhibit similar chemical propertiesDefine Groupa vertical column of elements having the same valence-electron configuration and similar chemical propertiesDefine Alkali Metalsgroup 1 metalsDefine Alkaline Earth Metalsgroup 2 metalsDefine Halogensgroup 7 elementsDefine Noble Gasesgroup 8 elementsDefine Transition Metalsseveral series of elements in which inner orbitals are being filledDefine Metalselements that give up electrons relatively easily and are typically lustrous, malleable, and good conductors of heat and electricityDefine Nonmetalselements that do not exhibit metallic characteristics. Chemically, a typical nonmetal accepts electrons from a metalDefine Metalloidsan element that has both metallic and nonmetallic propertiesDefine Diatomic Moleculea molecule composed of two atomsDefine Ionan atom or a group of atoms that has a net positive or negative chargeDefine Cationa positive ionDefine Aniona negative ionDefine Ionic Compounda compound that results when a metal reacts with a nonmetal to form cations and anionsDefine Binary Compounda two-element compoundDefine Oxyaniona polyatomic ion containing at least one oxygen atom and one or more atoms of at least one other elementDefine Binary Ionic Compounda two-element compound consisting of a cation and an anionDefine Acidsubstances that produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solution; proton donorDefine Polyatomic Ionan ion containing a number of atomsDefine Chemical Reactiona process in which one or more substances are changed into one or more new substances by the reorganization of component atomsDefine Chemical Equationa representation of a chemical reaction showing the relative numbers of reactant and product moleculesDefine Reactantsstarting substances in chemical reaction. They appear to the left of the arrow in a chemical equationDefine Productssubstances that result from chemical reactions. They are shown to the right of the arrow in a chemical equation.Define Balancing the Chemical Equationmaking sure that all atoms present in the reactants are accounted for among the productsDefine Coefficientsthe integers in front of the reactants and products that show how many of each compound is in the chemical reactionDefine Precipitationthe process of a chemical reaction creating the formation of a solidDefine Precipitatethe solid that forms in a chemical reactionDefine Precipitation Reactiona reaction in which an insoluble substance forms and separates from the solution as a solidDefine Strong Electrolytea material that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution that conducts an electric current very efficientlyDefine Soluble Solida solid that readily dissolves in waterDefine Insoluble Solida solid where such a tiny amount of it dissolves in water that it is undetectable by the human eyeDefine Slightly Solublesame as insoluble; a solid where such a tiny amount dissolves in water that it is undetectable with the naked eyeDefine Molecular Equationan equation representing a reaction in solution and showing the reactants and products is undissociated form, whether they are strong or weak electrolytesDefine Complete Ionic Equationan equation that shows as ions all substances that are strong electrolytesDefine Spectator Ionsions present in solution that do not participate directly in a reactionDefine Net Ionic Equationan equation for a reaction in solution, representing strong electrolytes as ions and showing only those components that are directly involved in the chemical changeDefine Strong Acidan acid that completely dissociates (ionizes) to produce H+ ion and the conjugate baseDefine Basesubstances that produce hydroxide ions in aqueous solution; proton acceptorsDefine Strong Basea metal hydroxide compound that completely dissociates into its ions in waterDefine Saltsionic compoundsDefine Oxidation-Reduction Reactionreactions in which one or more electrons are transferredDefine Double-Displacement Reactiona reaction in which the associates are reversedDefine Acid-Base Reactionreactions in which an H+ ion is involved and ends up with a product of waterDefine Combustion Reactionvigorous and exothermic oxidation-reduction reactions that take place between certain substances (particularly organic compounds) and oxygenDefine Synthesis (Combination) Reactiona reaction in which a given compound is formed from simpler materialsDefine Decomposition Reactiona reaction in which a compound can be broken down into simpler compounds of al the way to the component elements by heating or by the application of an electric currentDefine Atomic Mass Unita small unit of mass equal to 1.66x10^-24 gramsDefine Average Atomic Massthe average mass of a mole of an elementDefine Molethe number equal to the number of carbon atoms in exactly 12 grams of pure carbon: Avogadro's number. One mole represents 6.022x10^23 unitsDefine Avogadro's Numberthe number equal to the number of carbon atoms in exactly 12 grams of pure carbon, equal to 6.022x10^23 unitsDefine Conceptual Problem Solvingto solve problems in a flexible, creative way based on understanding the fundamental ideas of chemistryDefine Molar Massthe mass in grams of 1 mole of a compoundDefine Mass Percentthe percent by mass of a component of a mixture or of a given element in a compoundDefine Empirical Formulathe simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compoundDefine Molecular Formulathe exact formula of a molecule, giving the types of atoms and the number of each typeDefine Mole Ratiothe ratio of moles of one substance to moles of another substance in a balanced chemical equationDefine Stoichiometrythe process of using a balanced chemical equation to etermine the relative masses of reactants and producs involved in a reactionDefine Limiting Reactantthe reactant that is completely consumed when a reaction is run to completionDefine Limiting Reagentsame as limiting reactant; the reactant that is completely consumed when a reaction is run to completionDefine Theoretical Yieldthe maximum amount of a given product that can be formed when the limiting reactant is completely consumedDefine Percent Yieldthe actual yield of a product as a percentage of the theoretical yieldDefine Energythe capacity to do work or to cause the flow of heatDefine Potential Energyenergy due to position or compositionDefine Kinetic Energyenergy due to the motion of an objectDefine Law of Conservation of Energya given compound always contains elements in exactly the same proportion by massDefine Workforce acting over a distanceDefine State Functiona property that is independent of the pathwayDefine Temperaturemeasure of the random motions (average kinetic energy) of the components of a substanceDefine Heatthe flow of energy due to a temperature differenceWrite the number in standard scientific notation.
1/0.000323.1x10^3Write the number in standard scientific notation.
10^3/10^-31x10^6Write the number in standard scientific notation.
10^3/10^31 or 1x10^0Write the number in standard scientific notation.
1/550001.8x10^-5Write the number in standard scientific notation.
(10^5)(10^4)(10^-4)/10^-21x10^7Write the number in standard scientific notation.
43.2/(43.2x10^-5)1.00x10^6(4.32x10^-5)/4321.00x10^-7Write the number in standard scientific notation.
1/(10^5)(10^-6)1x10^1Indicate the number of significant figures implied in the following statement.
The population of the United States in 2016 was 324 million.3Indicate the number of significant figures implied in the following statement.
One minute is equivalent to 60 seconds.unlimited number (it is a definition)Indicate the number of significant figures implied in the following statement.
There are 1.6093 kilometers in one mile.5Indicate the number of significant figures implied in the following statement.
The average speed for a four-seat helicopter is about 130 mi/hr.2The Le Mans racetrack is 8.5 miles in length.2Round off the following number to two significant digits, and express the result in standard scientific notation.
15663111.6x10^6Round off the following number to two significant digits, and express the result in standard scientific notation.
2.7651x10^-32.8x10^-3Round off the following number to two significant digits, and express the result in standard scientific notation.
0.077597.8x10^-20.00116721.2x10^-3How many digits after the decimal point should be reported when the calculation (10434 - 9.3344) is performed?nonePerform the following conversion, being sure to set up the appropriate conversion factor in each case.
2.23 m to yards2.44 ydPerform the following conversion, being sure to set up the appropriate conversion factor in each case.
292 cm to inches42.2 mPerform the following conversion, being sure to set up the appropriate conversion factor in each case.
881.2 in to centimeters115 inPerform the following conversion, being sure to set up the appropriate conversion factor in each case.
1043 km to miles2238 cmPerform the following conversion, being sure to set up the appropriate conversion factor in each case.
1043 km to miles648.1 miPerform the following conversion, being sure to set up the appropriate conversion factor in each case.
445.5 mi to kilometers716.9 kmPerform the following conversion, being sure to set up the appropriate conversion factor in each case.
36.2 m to kilometers0.0362 kmPerform the following conversion, being sure to set up the appropriate conversion factor in each case.
0.501 km to centimeters5.01x10^4 cmWhat is the freezing point of water in Kelvin?273Sunflower oil has a density of 0.920 g/mL. What is the mass of 4.50 L of sunflower oil?4140 gSunflower oil has a density of 0.920 g/mL. What volume (in L) would 375 g of sunflower oil occupy?0.408 LClassify the following statement as a physical or chemical change.
A fireplace poker glows red when you heat it in the fire.physicalClassify the following statement as a physical or chemical change.
A marshmallow turns black when toasted too long in a campfire.chemicalClassify the following statement as a physical or chemical change.
Hydrogen peroxide dental strips will make your teeth whiter.chemicalClassify the following statement as a physical or chemical change.
If you wash your jeans with chlorine bleach, they will fade.chemicalClassify the following statement as a physical or chemical change.
If you spill some nail polish remover on your skin, it will evaporate quickly.physicalClassify the following statement as a physical or chemical change.
When making ice cream at home, salt is added to lower the temperature of the ice being used to freeze the mixture.physicalClassify the following statement as a physical or chemical change.
A hair clog in your bathroom sink drain can be cleared with drain cleaner.chemicalClassify the following statement as a physical or chemical change.
The perfume your boyfriend gave you for your birthday smells like flowers.physicalClassify the following statement as a physical or chemical change.
Mothballs pass directly into the gaseous state in your closet withour first melting.physicalClassify the following statement as a physical or chemical change.
A log of wood is chopped up with an axe into smaller pieces of wood.physicalClassify the following statement as a physical or chemical change.
A log of wood is burned in a fireplace.chemicalIs He a compound?noIs F2 a compound?noIs HCl a compound?yesIs S8 a compound?noClassify the following as mixtures or pure substances.
a multivitamin tabletmixtureClassify the following as mixtures or pure substances.
the blue liquid in your car's windshield reservoirmixtureClassify the following as mixtures or pure substances.
a ham and cheese omeletmixtureClassify the following as mixtures or pure substances.
a diamondpure substanceWhat is the symbol for ziconium?ZrWhat is the name of Cs?cesiumWhat is the symbol for selenium?SeWhat is the name for Au?goldWhat is the symbol for cerium?CeCorrect the following misstatement from Dalton's atomic theory.
Elements are made of tiny particles called molecules.Elements are made of tiny particles called atomsCorrect the following misstatement from Dalton's atomic theory.
All atoms of a given element are very similar.All atoms of a given element are identicalCorrect the following misstatement from Dalton's atomic theory.
The atoms of a given element may be the same as those of another element.The atoms of a given element are different from those of any other elementCorrect the following misstatement from Dalton's atomic theory.
A given compound may vary in the relative number and types of atoms depending on the source of the compound.A given compound always has the same numbers and types of atomsCorrect the following misstatement from Dalton's atomic theory.
A chemical reaction may involve the gain or loss of atoms as it takes place.Atoms are neither created nor destroyed in chemical processes. A chemical reaction simply changes the way the atoms are grouped together.Based on the following word description, write the formula for the following substance.
a compound whose molecules contain twice as many oxygen atoms as carbon atomsCO2Based on the following word description, write the formula for the following substance.
a compound whose molecules contain an equal number of carbon and oxygen atomsCOBased on the following word description, write the formula for the following substance.
a compound in which there is an equal number of calcium and carbon atoms, but there are three times as many atoms of oxygen as of the other two elementsCaCO3Based on the following word description, write the formula for the following substance.
a compound whose molecules contain twice as many hydrogen atoms as sulfur atoms and four times as many oxygen atoms as sulfur atomsH2SO4Based on the following word description, write the formula for the following substance.
a compound in which there are twice as many chlorine atoms as barium atomsBaCl2Based on the following word description, write the formula for the following substance.
a compound in which there are three sulfur atoms for every two aluminum atomsAl2S3True or false? Rutherford's bombardment experiments with metal foil suggested that the alpha particles were being deflected by coming near a large, positively charged atomic nucleus.FalseThe proton and the (electron/neutron) have almost equal masses.neutronThe proton and the (electron/neutron) have charges that are equal in magnitude by opposite in nature.electronIn which direction on the periodic table, horizontal or vertical, are elements with similar chemical properties aligned?verticalWhat are families of elements with similar chemical properties called?groupsGive three examples of gaseous elements that exist as diatomic molecules.H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2Give three examples of gaseous elements that exist as monatomic species.He, Ne, Kr, Xe, Rn, ArFor the following ion, indicate whether electrons must be gained or lost from the parent neutral atom, and how many electrons must be gained or lost?
O2-two electorns gainedFor the following ion, indicate whether electrons must be gained or lost from the parent neutral atom, and how many electrons must be gained or lost?
P3-three electrons gainedFor the following ion, indicate whether electrons must be gained or lost from the parent neutral atom, and how many electrons must be gained or lost?
Cr3+three electrons lostFor the following ion, indicate whether electrons must be gained or lost from the parent neutral atom, and how many electrons must be gained or lost?
Sn2+two elctrons lostFor the following ion, indicate whether electrons must be gained or lost from the parent neutral atom, and how many electrons must be gained or lost?
RB+one electron lostFor the following ion, indicate whether electrons must be gained or lost from the parent neutral atom, and how many electrons must be gained or lost?
Pb2+two electrons lostIdentify if the name is incorrect for the given formula and give the correct name.
CuCl2, copper(I) chlorideincorrect; copper(II) chlorideIdentify if the name is incorrect for the given formula and give the correct name.
Ag2O, silver oxidecorrectIdentify if the name is incorrect for the given formula and give the correct name.
Li2O, lithium oxidecorrectIdentify if the name is incorrect for the given formula and give the correct name.
CaS, calcium(II) sulfideincorrect, calcium sulfideIdentify if the name is incorrect for the given formula and give the correct name.
Cs2S, cesium sulfidecorrectWrite the name of the following binary compound of nonmetallic elements.
ClF5chlorine pentafluorideWrite the name of the following binary compound of nonmetallic elements.
XeCl2xenon dichlorideWrite the name of the following binary compound of nonmetallic elements.
SeO2selenium dioxideWrite the name of the following binary compound of nonmetallic elements.
N2O3dinitrogen trioxideWrite the name of the following binary compound of nonmetallic elements.
I2Cl6diiodine hexachlorideWrite the name of the following binary compound of nonmetallic elements.
CS2carbon disulfideWrite the formula for the following carbon-containing ions, including the overall charge of the ion.
cyanideCN-Write the formula for the following carbon-containing ions, including the overall charge of the ion.
carbonateCO3^2-Write the formula for the following carbon-containing ions, including the overall charge of the ion.
hydrogen carbonateHCO3^-Write the formula for the following carbon-containing ions, including the overall charge of the ion.
acetateC2H3O2^-Name the following compound, which contains polyatomic ions.
NaMnO4sodium permanganateName the following compound, which contains polyatomic ions.
AlPO4aluminum phosphateName the following compound, which contains polyatomic ions.
CrCO3chromium(II) carbonate, chromous carbonate)Name the following compound, which contains polyatomic ions.
Ca(ClO)2calcium hypochloriteName the following compound, which contains polyatomic ions.
BaCO3barium carbonateName the following compound, which contains polyatomic ions.
CaCrO4calcium chromateWrite the formula for the following compound that contains polyatomic ions. Be sure to enclose the polyatomic ion in parentheses if more than one such ion is needed to balance the oppositely charged ions.
ammonium acetateNH4C2H3O2Write the formula for the following compound that contains polyatomic ions. Be sure to enclose the polyatomic ion in parentheses if more than one such ion is needed to balance the oppositely charged ions.
ferrous hydroxideFe(OH)2Write the formula for the following compound that contains polyatomic ions. Be sure to enclose the polyatomic ion in parentheses if more than one such ion is needed to balance the oppositely charged ions.
cobalt(III) carbonateCo2(CO3)3Write the formula for the following compound that contains polyatomic ions. Be sure to enclose the polyatomic ion in parentheses if more than one such ion is needed to balance the oppositely charged ions.
barium dichromateBaCr2O7Write the formula for the following compound that contains polyatomic ions. Be sure to enclose the polyatomic ion in parentheses if more than one such ion is needed to balance the oppositely charged ions.
lead(II) sulfatePbSO4Write the formula for the following compound that contains polyatomic ions. Be sure to enclose the polyatomic ion in parentheses if more than one such ion is needed to balance the oppositely charged ions.
potassium dihydrogen phosphateKH2PO4Write the formula for the following compound that contains polyatomic ions. Be sure to enclose the polyatomic ion in parentheses if more than one such ion is needed to balance the oppositely charged ions.
lithium peroxideLi2O2Write the formula for the following compound that contains polyatomic ions. Be sure to enclose the polyatomic ion in parentheses if more than one such ion is needed to balance the oppositely charged ions.
zinc chlorateZn(ClO3)2Solid zinc is added to an aqueous solution containing dissolved hydrogen chloride to produce gaseous hydrogen that bubbles out of the solution and zinc chloride that remains dissolved in the water. Write the unbalanced chemical equation for this process.Zn(s) + HCL(aq) --> H2(g) + ZnCl2(aq)Balance the following chemical equation.
NaCl(s) + SO2(g) + H2O(g) + O2(g) --> Na2SO4(s) + HCl(g)4NaCl(s) + 2SO2(g) + 2H2)(g) + O2(g) --> 2Na2SO4(s) + 4HCl(g)Balance the following chemical equation.
Br2(l) + I2(s) --> IBr3(s)3Br2(l) + I2(s) --> 2IBr3(s)Balance the following chemical equation.
Ca3N2(s) + H2O(l) --> Ca(OH)2(aq) + PH3(g)Ca3N2(s) + 2H2O(l) --> Ca(OH)2(aq) + PH3(g)Balance the following chemical equation.
BF3(g) + H2O(g) --> B2O3(s) + HF(g)2BF3(g) + 3H2O(g) --> B2O3(s) + 6HF(g)Balance the following chemical equation.
So2(g) + Cl2(g) --> SOCl2(l) + Cl2O(g)So2(g) + 2Cl2(g) --> SOCl2(l) + Cl2O(g)Balance the following chemical equation.
Li2O(s) + H2O(l) --> LiOH(aq)Li2O(s) + H2O(l) --> 2LiOH(aq)Balance the following chemical equation.
Mg(s) + CuO(s) --> MgO(s) + Cu(l)Mg(s) + CuO(s) --> MgO(s) + Cu(l)Balance the following chemical equation.
Fe3O4(s) + H2(g) --> Fe(l) + H2O(g)Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g) --> 3Fe(l) + 4H2O(g)Will the following ion form a precipitate with SO4^2-?
Ba2+yesWill the following ion form a precipitate with SO4^2-?
Na+noWill the following ion form a precipitate with SO4^2-?
NH4^+noWrite the formulas and names for three common strong acids.HCl; hydrochloric
HNO3; nitric
H2SO4; sulfuricWrite the formulas and names for three common strong bases.NaOH; sodium hydroxide
KOH; potassium hydroxide
RbOH; rubidium hydroxide
CsOH; cesium hydroxideThere are 6.022x10^23 zinc atoms present in how many grams of zinc?65.38Calculate the number of moles of the element present in the following sample.
49.2 g of sulfur1.53 mol SCalculate the number of moles of the element present in the following sample.
7.44x10^4 kg of lead3.59x10^5 mol PbCalculate the number of moles of the element present in the following sample.
3.27 mg of chlorine9.22x10^-5 mol ClCalculate the number of moles of the element present in the following sample.
4.01 g of lithium0.578 mol LiCalculate the number of moles of the element present in the following sample.
100.0 g of copper1.574 mol CuCalculate the number of moles of the element present in the following sample.
82.6 mg of strontium9.43x10^-4 mol SrGive the name and calculate the molar mass for the following substance.
KHCO3potassium hydrogen carbonate; 100.12 gGive the name and calculate the molar mass for the following substance.
Hg2Cl2mercury(I) chloride, mercurous chloride; 472.1 gGive the name and calculate the molar mass for the following substance.
H2O2hydrogen peroxide; 34.02 gGive the name and calculate the molar mass for the following substance.
BeCl2beryllium chloride; 79.91 gGive the name and calculate the molar mass for the following substance.
Al2(SO4)3aluminum sulfate342.2 gGive the name and calculate the molar mass for the following substance.
KClO3potassium chlorate; 122.55 gCalculate the percent by mass of each element in the following compound.
ZnO80.34% Zn
19.66% OCalculate the percent by mass of each element in the following compound.
Na2S58.91% Na
41.09% SCalculate the percent by mass of each element in the following compound.
Mg(OH)241.68% Mg
54.86% O
3.456% HCalculate the percent by mass of each element in the following compound.
H2O25.926% H
94.06% OCalculate the percent by mass of each element in the following compound.
CaH295.20% Ca
4.789% HCalculate the percent by mass of each element in the following compound.
K2O83.01% K
16.99% OA compound was analyzed and was found to contain the following percentages of the elements by mass: nitrogen, 11.64%; chlorine, 88.36%. Determine the empirical formula of the compound.NCl3A compound with empirical formula C2H5O was found in a separate experiment to have a molar mass of approximately 90 g. What is the molecular formula of the compound?C4H10O2
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