Created by
All from Pilot Institute's Cheat Sheet
Terms in this set (128)
The number of statute miles needed for minimum visibility to fly a drone3The minimum distance in feet that you are supposed to fly below a cloud500The minimum horizontal distance in feet that you must fly from a cloud2000The number of hours that must have passed after consuming alcohol before you can fly a drone. Take note that you have to be physical and mentally fit to fly a drone, even after the window has passed.8The maximum blood alcohol level that will allow you to fly a drone legally0.04The number of days within which you are required to report to the FAA any drone-related accidents10The number of days within which you must notify the FAA if a change in your address30The number of days of lead-time that the FAA recommends for filing a Part 107 waiver request90The number of calendar months when the results of the Part 107 knowledge test remain valid24The number of years before a UAS registration expires3Solid blue lineClass B airspace. Covers the surface up to 10,000 feet MSL.Solid magenta lineClass C airspace. Covers the surface up to 4,000 feet AGLBroken blue lineClass D airspace. Covers the surface up to 2,500 feet AGLBroken magenta lineClass E Airspace with floor at surfaceGradient magenta lineClass E Airspace with floor at 700 ft AGLGradient blue lineClass E Airspace with floor at 1200 ft or greater AGLClass G airspaceUncontrolled airspace; needs no ATC authorization to fly a droneP-####Prohibited areas. Flight is prohibited due to security issues.R-####Restricted areas. Flight is prohibited when the area is active. Stay away due to dangerous activity.W-####Warning areas. May fall outside US jurisdiction; Flight is not necessarily prohibited but can be dangerous.MOAMilitary operation areas. Flights are allowed but the area may contain an unusually high volume of aerial activity.A-####Alert areas. Areas that contain an unusually high volume of aerial activity.VR-### or IR-####Military training route. Routes used by the military for tactical flight training; typically established at altitudes below 10,000 feet.Sustained flightHovering above the heads of persons gathered, flying back and forth, or circling in such a way that the small unmanned aircraft remains above some part of the assembly.Open Air AssemblyLarge gatherings of people, typically in public places.Category 1 weight limit0.55 lbs or less.Category 1 eligibility requirementsNo exposed rotating parts than can cause laceration.Category 1 MoC & DoCNoneCategory 1 Label requirementNoneCategory 1 & 2 Sustained Flights over Open Air AssemblyYes, if UAS meets Remote ID requirementsCategory 1 & 2 Sustained Flights anywhere elseYesCategory 1 & 2 Transitioning over HumansYes, including Open Air AssemblyCategory 2 & 3 Weight LimitLess than 55 lbsCategory 2 Eligibility Requirements1. No exposed rotating parts than can cause laceration
2. No Defect
3. 11 foot-pounds of kinetic energy limitCategory 2 & 3 MoC & DoCRequiredCategory 2 & 3 Label RequirementLabeled as category 2 or 3.Category 3 Sustained Flights over Open Air AssemblyNoCategory 3 Sustained Flights anywhere elseIf inside restricted area and people are notified or outside restricted if under a structure or inside non-moving vehicleCategory 3 Transitioning over HumansYes, but not over Open Air AssemblyCategory 3 Eligibility Requirements1. No exposed rotating parts than can cause laceration
2. No Defect
3. 25 foot-pounds of kinetic energy limitMan-made obstacles below 1000 AGLMan-made obstacle above 1000 AGLLighted obstaclesUltralight activityGlider operationsAltitude of highest natural obstacle per quarterGroup ObstaclesTop number is altitude mean sea level (MSL) and bottom number in parantheses is number above ground level (AGL)Obstacle under constructionParachute jumping areaHang glider activityUnmanned aircraft activityTFRTemporary Flight Restriction. These are issued by Flight Data Centers (FDC) for extreme but temporary situations such as a major sports event, airshows, the passing of a flock of birds, or disaster relief efforts.NOTAMNotice to Airmen. These are notices or advisories that contain information about the establishment, conditions, or changes in any aeronautical facility, service, procedure, or hazards. All users of the national airspace should check for NOTAMs in their area because they indicate the real-time status of features and services within national airspace.!IKK (NOTAM)Location. Kankakee Flight Service in Illinois.02/098 (NOTAM)NOTAM number. NOTAM was released in February and is the 98th NOTAM released by IKK.ZAU (NOTAM)Affected location. Chicago Center.OBST (NOTAM)NOTAM keyword. Obstruction.1502051656-1512312359 (NOTAM)Beginning and end times. The effectivity of the NOTAM is limited from 1656H of February 5, 2015 (1502051656) to 2359H OF December 31, 2015 (1512312359).METARMeteorological Terminal Aviation Routine Weather Report. A report on current weather conditions that is delivered on a regular schedule.TAFTerminal Aerodrome Forecasts. A report transmitted by large airports concerning their five-mile radius and is updated four times a day. For the future.SIGMETConvective Significant Meteorological Information. A reported that is issued when severe weather conditions (thunderstorms, tornadoes, heavy precipitation) are forecasted.METAR (METAR)Type of report. Can be either METAR (scheduled) or SPECI (unscheduled).KCLE (METAR)Station identified. Cleveland Hopkins Airport.220136Z (METAR)Date and time. Issued on the 22nd day of the month at 01:36 Zulu time.31006KT (METAR)Wind information. Wind is coming from a direction of 310° and at a speed of 6 knots.10SM (METAR)Visibility. Visibility is at 10 statute miles.SHRA (METAR)Present weather. Shower (SH) and rain (RA).FEW020 BKN024 OVC049 (METAR)Sky conditions. Few clouds up to 2000 feet, broken clouds up to 2400 feet, and overcast conditions at 4900 feet.22/21 (METAR)Temperature and dew point. The current temperature is at 22 °C with a dew point of 21 °C.A2984 (METAR)Current sea level pressure. The current pressure at sea level is 29.84 in Hg.RMK A02 RAE04 P0000 T02220206 (METAR)Remarks. The report was issued by an automated station with a precipitation sensor (A02), the rain has ended at 4 minutes past the hour (RAE04), there has been no precipitation within the hour (P0000) and the hourly temperature and dew point is 22.2 °C and 20.6 °C (T02220206).Dew pointThe temperature at which air moisture starts to condense into dew drops.Temperature inversionWhen the temperature increases with altitude characterized by stratiform clouds, poor visibility, steady precipitation, and smooth air.Warm frontA boundary between two air masses where a warm mass advances. This typically moves slowly, at 10 to 25 mph.Stationary frontA boundary between two air masses that is relatively balanced. This produces hazy conditions with overcast clouds and steady precipitation.Cumulous cloudsPuffy cloud formations brought about by the vertical movement of unstable warm and moist air into cooler regions at high altitudes.Wind shearA condition in which a sudden and drastic change in wind speed and/or direction creates very strong updrafts or downdrafts. This is usually a result of frontal systems, thunderstorms, temperature inversions, or upper level winds.Stable airCharacterized by stratiform clouds, poor visibility, steady precipitation, and smooth air.Unstable airCharacterized by cumulus clouds, turbulence, showery precipitation, good visibility.Cold frontA boundary between two air masses where cold and dense air advances. This moves much more rapidly - around 25 to 30 mph. It can also bring heavy rains, lightning, or hail. Severe cold fronts can bring tornadoes.Stratiform cloudsThin cloud layers with little or no vertical movement. Typically indicative of fair weather.Cumulonimbus cloudsClouds that continue to grow and may form into thunderstorms. Associate with extremely turbulent winds.ThunderstormThunderstorms form when the air has sufficient water vapor, an unstable lapse rate, and an initial lifting action to start the process. There are three phases to a thunderstorm, the cumulus stage, the mature stage (characterized by rain falling on the ground), and the dissipating stage.Radiation FogOccurs when the ground cools rapidly and the surrounding air reaches the dew point. Can lead to ice fog in extremely cold temperatures.Advection FogOccurs when a layer of warm, moist air moves over a cold surface. It can be created when an air mass moves inland from the coast, such as in San FranciscoUpslope FogOccurs when a moist air mass is forced up sloping land, like mountains.Steam FogOccurs when cool, dry air moves over warm water. This can be associated with low-level turbulence and icing.HyperventilationLoss of carbon dioxide to abnormal breathing patterns; can result in lightheadedness and visual impairmentStressBeing under extreme physical or psychological duress; may lead to increased heart rate and respiration rate and poor decision-making.FatigueLoss of focus and attentiveness due to prolonged performance of cognitive workDehydrationThe critical loss of water from the body; can lead to headaches, cramps, dizziness, and sleepinessHeatstrokeProlonged exposure of the body to extremely high temperatures; may lead to dehydration and ultimately to loss of consciousnessDrugsCertain drugs may lead to undesirable side-effects, such as drowsiness or other cognitive deficits. Part 107 only requires that drone pilots perform a self-assessment of their physical and mental state before conducting drone flightAlcoholl Ingesting even small amounts of alcohol can lead to impaired sense and poor judgement. A person who has consumed alcohol within the last 8 hours, has a blood alcohol content above or equal to 0.04%, or is under the influence cannot act as a Remote PIC.IMSAFEIllness
Medication
Stress
Alcohol
Fatigue
EmotionsStrobe Light RequirementsFrom Sunset to Sunrise, the aircraft must be equipped with a strobe light visible from 3 SM.ConesDetect color and are used for central vision. The highest concentration is in the back of the eye.RodsDetect movement and are used for peripheral vision. They are 10,000 times more sensitive to light than the cones.Dark AdaptationTakes 30 minutes, after which night vision is maximized. Avoid staring at bright objects at night.AutokinesisBright object appears to move if you stare at it.False horizonClouds or lights appear to be the actual horizon.Reversible Perspective IllusionThe aircraft may appear to move away when it's actually approaching.Flicker VertigoFlashing lights can produce nausea, vomiting, and vertigo.Plane Navigation LightsGreen on right, red on left, white on back.ADMAeronautical Decision Making. The systematic approach used by the aviation industry to determine the best course of action in any situation by assessing the risks involved.Risk ManagementOne of the core principles of ADM, which involves identification of hazards, assessment of risks, development of countermeasures, implementation of actions, and monitoring of results.CRMCrew Resource Management. This pertains to how you manage your crew, keep each member informed of their responsibilities, and integrate them all into the phases of your operation.PAVE ChecklistPilot-in-command, Aircraft, enVironment, and External pressures.Anti-authorityDislikes being told by authorities what to do and likes to disregard flight rules.ImpulsivityProne to making decisions without taking the time to deliberate the consequences.InvulnerabilityAn unfounded belief that they will absolutely not run into accidents.MachismoA desire to show off fed by attempting risky maneuvers.ResignationA feeling of helplessness and resignation to let others do what must be done.AWOSAutomated Weather Observing System. This is a suite of automated sensors that are used in aviation for weather forecasting. Depending on the type of AWOS facility, it can generate an automated weather report in the METAR format.CTAFCommon Traffic Advisory Frequency. This is the common radio frequency used for air-to-air communications, allowing pilots to communicate with each other at un-towered airports. In the US, the CTAF is allocated as either UNICOM or MULTICOM.UNICOMUniversal Communication. A UNICOM station is an air-to-ground communication facility that broadcasts to pilots in uncontrolled airports, or in airports with no towers. When operational, the UNICOM can also act as a CTAF. Air-ports that use UNICOM broadcast at the 122.8 radio frequency band.MULTICOMAt airports with no air traffic control, pilots can self-announce advisories using the 122.9 or 122.95 MULTICOM radio frequency band.