Lab Quiz 1- BY261

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5 steps of handwashing?
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5 steps of handwashing?
1. Wet hand w/ clean, running water (warm or cold), turn off tap, apply soap.
2. Lather backs of hands, between fingers, under nails.
3. Scrub for at least 20 sec. "Happy Birthday" X2.
4. Rinse under clean, running water.
5. Dry using a clean towel/air dry them.
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE OF NORMAL MICROBIOTA AND TRANSIENT MICROORGANISMS?
The resident microbiota consists of microorganisms that constantly live in or on our bodies. The term transient microbiota refers to microorganisms that are only temporarily found in the human body, and these may include pathogenic microorganisms. Hygiene and diet can alter both the resident and transient microbiota
Study of when and where disease occurs within a pop and also how a disease is transmitted?
Epidemiology
How epidemiology and microbiology are related?
All infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms
"Demi-"
human beings
A normal presence (or usual occurrence) of a disease withina given geographic area or a population?
Example:
endemic

common cold
Unusual presence in a community and acquired by many people in a given area in a short time period?
■Example):
Epidemic ex;influenza/ebola
When epidemic spreads throughout the world?
■Example:
pandemic

HIV,SARA,AIDS, Covid
Diseases can be spread directly or indirectly from one host to another host(person to person)?
example?
communicable disease

ex; cold
Diseases can NOT be spread from person to person, but allows microorganisms to cause disease if the host body is weakened or if a wound is present to allow the microorganism to enter the body ?
example?
noncommunicable disease
diabetes, cancer
Number of cases of the particular disease divided by the total number of people in the population x 100?prevalenceany microorganisms that cause harm to humans and is a disease-causing microorganism that needs to come in contact with a host to cause disease?pathogentypically, prevalence is given in a % and is used to help characterize if the the disease is a?endemic, epidemic or pandemicthe organism that harbors the pathogen? living or non-livingHost livingthe 1st case reported of an unknown disease?index casemost diseases are spread this way such as physical contact?direct contact also called transmissiondisease transmitted thru the air with liquid drops from a cough or sneeze?droplet infectiona contaminated inanimate objects (pencil/table) that can carry disease causing microorganism ?fomite non-livingtiny insects who bring disease and carry pathogens on their feet such as mosquito w/ malaria? ex?vectors houseflies and roachesdirect contact between host? ■Examples:direct transmission ex; droplet infection and fomitesvectors/insects that carry pathogens on their feet and can transfer by landing on foods? fomite to livingmechanical transmissiondisease transmitted by insects or arthropod bite such as ticks, fleas, and mosquitoes: living to living?biological transmissionmicroorganisms prefer moist objects that frequently come in contact with?food, dirt and vegetationdifference between formite, droplets, and aerosol?fomite= droplets spread on surface droplets= larger particles affected by gravity aerosols: smaller particles dispersed thru the airhost of bacteria where it multiples and grows and is a continual source of infection or disease ?reservoiralso, like a vector: a person that harbors and passes a disease, but is not displaying any signs of disease?carrierour first lines of defense against infection? why?skin populated by diverse group of microorganismsMicroorganisms found on the skin may be classified as?transientthe normal microbiota of the skin consists of microorganisms that live and multiply in the?deeper layers of the epidermis as well as within glands and follicles.The_________ ___________ also tends to remain quite stable over time as the nature of the skin itself, and hence the environment, is comparatively unchangingresident microbiotathe normal microbiota of the skin can be divided into three primary groups:diphtheroid, staphylococci, and yeast and fungiThe name of this group is indicative of its members morphological similarity to Corynebacterium diphtheriae. A common member is Propionibacterium acnes, an anaerobic bacterium that lives in the hair follicles and breaks down the oily secretions found there?DiphtheroidSeveral nonpathogenic members of the genus can be found on the skin. They're beneficial as they compete w/ pathogens for nutrients & produce inhibitory substances, usually preventing pathogens from establishing a presence on skin. Common inhabitants include the nonpathogenic S. epidermiditis as well as, less commonly, S. aureus, which can be an opportunistic pathogen?staphylococciThese nonpathogenic organisms generally digest the oily emissions of the secretory glands and are found on the skin?yeasta and fungiall bacteria needs how many hours to grow enough to be seen to the visible our eyes?48 hoursWhen incubating petri place how do you place it and why?invert the plate so the condensation will leak onto the platethe single best method of preventing the spread of infectious disease, and it is understood that everyone, not just health-care professional do it.wash handsterm for any inanimate object that can carry disease-causing organisms? ex?fomite ex;cutting board, kitchen sink, moneyyou are most likely to find microbes in and on?moist objects that come into contact with food, dirt and vegetationwhy do doorknobs and walls have fewer fomites/microbes?nutrient poor and dry places