LPI LINUX ESSENTIALS PRACTICE 1

Which of the following can you NOT install Linux on?
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Terms in this set (49)
Which of the following can you NOT install Linux on?
Smart card

Explanation
OBJ-1.1: Linux can be installed on just about anything, including desktops/laptops, servers, the cloud, smartphones/tablets, the IoTs, and even a Smart TV. But, Linux cannot be installed on a smartcard since it is a device with extremely limited storage space and no processing power. A smartcard is used as a form of two-factor authentication in corporate networks.
Which of the following is the on-demand availability of computer system resources, especially data storage and computing power, without direct active management by the user?
Cloud Computing

Explanation
OBJ-1.1: Cloud computing is the on-demand availability of computer system resources, especially data storage and computing power, without the user's direct active management. The term is generally used to describe data centers available to many users over the Internet. Large clouds, predominant today, often have functions distributed over multiple locations from central servers.
Which keyboard shortcut allows copying highlighted text while working in the command line terminal?
CTRL+SHIFT+C

Explanation
OBJ-1.4: Holding down the CTRL and SHIFT keys and pressing C allows any highlighted text in the terminal to be copied. Pressing CTRL + C within the terminal is recognized as a command interrupt.
Which of the following can be used to represent a single number from 3 to 9?
[3-9]

Explanation
OBJ-2.4: The range [3-9] is used to represent a single number of either 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 within a search function.
Which of the following is a valid option for a typical command to get its built-in usage information?
--help

Explanation
OBJ-2.2: The --help option is used with most commands to provide built-in information on the command's usage. For more detailed information, info <command> or man <command> could be used instead.
Your current present working directory is /home/jason/documents/. You just entered cd .. into the command line and then enter pwd. What output do you receive?
/home/jason

Explanation
OBJ-2.3: The .. is a special directory reference to the parent of the current present working directory. Using cd .. essentially moves the pwd up a single level to /home/jason.
Which of the following is true about a recursive directory listing?
It includes the content of sub-directories

Explanation
OBJ-2.3: A recursive directory listing includes the content of sub-directories. Some of the other options provided may be true if you include the right switches and additional ls command options. By default, though, just using ls -r, you will get a list of the files within the current directory and any files within subdirectories.
Typing $ followed by pressing which key twice, in quick succession, will list all of the variables?
TAB
Explanation
OBJ-2.1: Typing $ followed by TAB TAB in quick succession will list all variables
Which of the following are not man page sections?
MISTAKES
Explanation
OBJ-2.2: There is no Mistakes section. Man pages have Name, Configuration, Return Value, and Errors sections.
Which of the following commands will create a single directory named dir1 dir2?
mkdir "dir1 dir2"

Explanation
OBJ-2.1: A space in the directory name can be used by enclosing the directory name within quotes (mkdir "dir1 dir2"). The above command will create a single directory named dir1 dir2 (with a space between dir1 and dir2).
In order to rename the directory ~/documents/letters to ~/documents/archive, which of the following commands should be usedmv~/documents/letters~documents/archive Explanation OBJ-2.4: To rename a file in Linux, you utilize the move (mv) command. The command should use the syntax of mv <original_filename> <new_filename). Rename and copy are not valid Linux commands but instead are used in Windows. The cp (copy) command will make a new file with the name "archive"; therefore, it is not the correct answer.What command would a user enter to delete a directory containing no other files or directories within it?rmdir Explanation OBJ-2.4: The rmdir command removes each directory specified on the command line if they are empty. Each directory removed must contain no files or directories, or it cannot be removed by rmdir.Which command is used to print one page of text to the screen at a time?less Explanation OBJ-3.2: On Linux systems, less is a command that displays file contents or commands output one page at a time in your terminal. Less is most useful for viewing the content of large files or the results of commands that produce many lines of output. The content displayed by less can be navigated by entering keyboard shortcuts.Which redirection operator accepts text on the following lines as standard input?<< Explanation OBJ-3.2: The << redirection operator is used to accept text on the following lines as standard input.What option can be used with cat to display line numbers with the text of a file to the screen?-n Explanation OBJ-3.2: The -n option will show the line numbers next to a file's contents when displayed to the screen. For example, "cat -n song.txt" will display the contents of the song.txt file with line numbers down the left column of the display.Which command-line tool will create a filename that ends in .gz?gzip Explanation OBJ-3.1: Gzip is a file compression tool that will create a file ending in the .gz extension to identify it as a compressed gzip archive.Which of the following commands would be used to display the value of the HOME variable to the terminal's display?echo $HOME Explanation OBJ-3.3: To display the contents of a variable to the terminal's display, the command syntax is echo $VARIABLE, where VARIABLE is the variable's name.What option can be used with tail or head to specify the number of lines to display to THE SCREEN?-n Explanation OBJ-3.2: The -n option is used to specify the number of lines to display to the screen with tail and head. By default, these commands display only 10 lines to the screen.What does the grep command allow a user to do?Search for files that contain a specified string Explanation OBJ-3.2: grep is a command-line utility for searching plain-text data sets for lines that match a regular expression. Grep does a global search with the regular expression and prints all matching lines within any files that contain those search strings.Which of the following is used to redirect the standard output of a command to a file?1> Explanation OBJ-3.2: To redirect the standard output, 1> is used with a command.What statement is used to get input from the terminal when a shell script is being run?read Explanation OBJ-3.3: The read command is used to get input from the terminal when using a shell scriptWhich version of Linux should be installed on a system with a 32-bit processor?x86 Explanation OBJ-4.2: A 32-bit operating system cannot support a 64-bit operating system. Therefore, you have to install a version of Linux compiled for x86 (32-bit) processorsWhere is the BIOS located?Motherboard Explanation OBJ-4.2: BIOS or Basic Input/Output System is firmware used to perform hardware initialization during the booting process and provide runtime services for operating systems and programs. The BIOS firmware comes pre-installed on a personal computer's motherboard as a chip, and it is the first software to run when powered on.Which of the following is used as a virtual or pseudo filesystem used to interface with the kernel and process?/proc Explanation OBJ-4.3: The /proc tree originated in System V Unix, where it only gave information about each running process, using a /proc/$PID/stuff scheme. Linux greatly extended that, adding all sorts of information about the running kernel's status. The intended purpose for the /proc virtual filesystem is to provide an interface into the kernel and its processes.When the free command is run, what does the Mem: line reveal about the system?RAM statistics Explanation OBJ-4.3: Within the "free" command, the "Mem:" line reveals total RAM statistics for the Linux system.Which of the following would properly identify the device associated with the second partition on the first hard disk on the first IDE controller of a system?/dev/hda2 Explanation OBJ-4.2: Partitions on these disks can range from 1 (for the first partition) to 16 (for the sixteenth partition). If you have a few ide/pata devices installed in a system, they will be hda (the first device), hdb (the second device), hdc (the third device), and so on. Each partition on that device will append a number to it, so the second partition on the first device would be /dev/hda2.Which of the following is the correct order of a computer's operation?(1)The computer waits for the user input, (2) The user select a command and enters it via the keyboard or mouse,(3) The computer executes the command. Explanation OBJ-4.2: The computer waits for user input; then the user issues a command then the computer executes the command.What is the command that will show system boot time messages?dmesg Explanation OBJ-4.3: dmesg, short for display message or driver message, is a command that prints the message buffer of the kernel. This command's output typically contains the messages produced by the device drivers that occur during the system startup and boot.Which of the following properly identifies the third partition, on the second hard disk, on the first IDE controller on a PC system?/dev/hdb3 Explanation OBJ-4.2: Partitions on these disks can range from 1 (for the first partition) to 16 (for the sixteenth partition). If you have a few ide/pata devices installed in a system, they will be hda (the first device), hdb (the second device), hdc (the third device), and so on. Each partition on that device will append a number to it, so the third partition on the third device would be /dev/hdb3Where are the passwords stored for users on a Linux system?/etc/shadow Explanation OBJ-5.2: The /etc/shadow file stores the actual password in an encrypted format (more like the hash of the password) for the user's account with additional properties related to the user password. Basically, it stores secure user account information. All fields are separated by a colon (:) symbol. It contains one entry per line for each user listed in /etc/passwd file..Which of the following is NOT contained in the /etc/passwd file?The password of the user's account Explanation OBJ-5.1: The password field is the second field in the /etc/passwd file. Due to the /etc/passwd file's low security, the password is now stored in the /etc/shadow file instead, which can only be accessed by the root user. The /etc/passwd file now contains a single * in the password field to represent to the system that the real password is stored in /etc/shadow instead.How would you represent rwxr-xr-- in octal notation?754 Explanation OBJ-5.3: In Linux, you can convert letter permissions to octal by giving 4 for each R, 2 for each W, and 1 for each X. So, RWX is 7, R-X is 5, and R-- is 4.Which file contains a list of the user's secondary groups?/etc/group Explanation OBJ-5.1: The /etc/group file contains a list of every user on the system and their secondary groups.Which of the following commands will display a list of all files in the current directory, including those that may be hidden?ls-a Explanation OBJ-5.3: The ls command stands for list. The -a option lists all the files in the current directory, including those that may be hidden.Which type of link contains the data in the target file?Hard link Explanation OBJ-5.4: A hard link, unlike a symbolic link, contains the data in the target file.Which UID is usually used to represent the first regular user on a Linux system?1000 Explanation OBJ-5.1: Regular users on a Linux system begin at UID 1000 and increment by 1 for each additional userWhat is defined by a Free Software license?Conditions for modifying and distributing the licensed software. Explanation OBJ-1.3: A free software license is a notice that grants the recipient of a piece of software extensive rights to modify and redistribute that software.Which of the following is a series of small single-board computers developed to promote the teaching of basic computer science in schools and developing countries?Raspberry Pi Explanation OBJ-1.1: The Raspberry Pi is a series of small single-board computers that have become popular as educational and recreational computer systems.Which of the following is a Debian-based computer operating system for Raspberry Pi?Raspbian Explanation OBJ-1.1: Raspbian is a Debian-based computer operating system for Raspberry Pi. It is highly optimized for the Raspberry Pi line's low-performance ARM CPUs.Which is NOT a Linux distribution?Torvalds Explanation OBJ-1.1: CentOS, openSUSE, and Debian are popular Linux distros. Torvalds is the last name of Linus Torvalds, a Finnish software engineer who is the creator and, historically, the Linux kernel's principal developer, which is the kernel for Linux.Which of the following is an American non-profit organization devoted to expanding the range of creative works available for others to build upon legally and to share?Creative Commons Explanation OBJ-1.3: Creative Commons is an American non-profit organization devoted to expanding the range of creative works available for others to build upon legally and to share. The organization has released several copyright-licenses, known as Creative Commons licenses, free of charge to the public. These licenses allow creators to communicate which rights they reserve and which rights they waive for recipients or other creators' benefit.Which option will cause the echo command NOT to output a trailing newline?-n Explanation OBJ-2.1: The -n option of the echo command does not output a trailing newline.Which of the following commands will output a list of all of the file names under your home directory and all subdirectories with file names ending with .pdf?find~-name `*.pdf` Explanation OBJ-2.1: To display all of the files with a .pdf extension at the end, the command find ~ -name '*.pdf' is used. This will display all files named *.pdf in the home directory.What is the proper command to use to compress the file filename.txt into the zip archive called myfile.zip?zip myfile.zip filename.txt Explanation OBJ-3.1: The syntax for zipping a file into a zip archive is "zip myfile.zip filename.txt".Consider the following script: #!/bin/baship=`route -n | grep UG | tr -s " " | cut -f 2 -d " "`echo "Checking to see if $ip is up..."ping -c 5 $ip Which of the following would be the first line displayed to the screen when the script is executed by the user?Checking to see if ipaddress is up Explanation OBJ-3.3: The line in the script that starts with the echo command will cause the string, "Checking to see if $ip is up..." will be executed. When this is executed, the value of $ip will be replaced with the result of the command in the second line (which contains route).Which option can be used with tail to print the last 10 lines of a file and then keep printing any new lines that may be added continuously?-f Explanation OBJ-3.2: The -f option is used to "follow" the contents of the file. This lets tail print the last 10 lines of a file (usually a log file) and continue to print out new lines to the screen as they are added to the file.Which command is used to make a shell variable known to subsequently executed programs?export Explanation OBJ-3.3: The command export is used to make a shell variable known to subsequently executed programs. Essentially, the export command creates a globally accessible variable when it is run.Which of the following commands will create an archive file, named backup.tar, containing all the files from the directory /home?tar -cf backup.tar /home Explanation OBJ-3.1: The tar command allows you to quickly access a collection of files and place them into a highly compressed archive file. The -c option creates a new archive while -f uses the given filename as the archive's filename. Specifying the directory ensures the files to be placed in the archive file come from that folder.Which of the following is used as a virtual or pseudo filesystem to provide a tree of all of the device nodes and drivers in the running kernel?/dev Explanation OBJ-4.3: The /dev tree contains device nodes, which gives user space access to the device drivers in your OS's running kernel. All POSIX type OSes have a /dev tree.