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Oral Pathology Dental Hygiene Board Review

Terms in this set (84)

Macrodontia: larger tooth than normal
microdontia: smaller than normal teeth; commonly affects lateral incisors and third molars
Gemination: single enlarged tooth which is partly-divided into two separate crowns in which the tooth count is normal.
Concrescence: union of two adjacent teeth by cementum
Dilaceration: an abonormal angulation or bend in the root or crown
Dense in dente: tooth within a tooth; usually maxillary lateral
Taurodontism: enlargement of the body of the tooth and pulp at the expense of the roots
Talon Cusp: an additional cusp on an anterior tooth projecting from the lingual surface; usually maxillary lateral or central
Hypodontia: lack of development of one or more teeth; commonly affects third molars, second bicuspids, maxillary laterals
supernumerary teeth: increased number of teeth; most common "mesiodens" then 4th molars
Enamel pearl: tiny globule of enamel found near the bifurcation on root surfaces near cemento-enamel junction; usually maxillary molars
Enamel hypoplasia: Defective formation of enamel matrix; crown shows pits or grooves
Enamel Hypocalcification: Defective mineralization; appears as localized white soft spots
Amelogenesis imperfecta: inherited disease that affects the enamel; enamel may be pitted, grooved, or lost
Dentinogenesis Imperfecta: inherited disorder of dentin; amber color; bell shaped crowns; no pulp chambers
Pulp stones: calcification within the dental pulp
Hypercementosis: excessive amount of secondary cementum on tooth surface
Commissural lip pits: blind pits at corner of lips; 1 to 2 mm in diameter
Fordyce Granules: multiple yellow spots on the buccal mucosa and upper lip; ectopic sebaceous glands
Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis: Diffuse overgrowth of gingival tissue
Micrognathia: small jaw; congenital seen in pierre-robin syndrome; acquired may result from TMJ disturbance
Macrognathia: large jaw; paget disease
Atrophic glossitis: smooth bald or beefy red tongue; iron or vitamin B deficiency; may have burning mouth
Lateral Lingual Tonsil (foliate papilla): located on posterior lateral tongue; made up of lymphoid tissue
Traumatic ulcer: Usually caused from ill-fitting dentures; common type of focal ulceration
Chemical burn: caused by chemicals or drugs such as aspirin; superficial white wrinkled appearance, mucosal sloughing
Leukodema: white translucent, filmy appearance on buccal mucosa that disappears when stretched
Leukoplakia: clinical term for white patch that can't be rubbed off
Actinic Cheilitis: keratosis that develops on the lips that may develop into a squamous cell carcinoma; from sun damage and smoking
Smokeless tobacco lesion: white wrinkled tissue, gingival recession, increased caries
Nicotine Stomatitis: from pipe smoking; whiter than normal palate with red spots; inflamed salivary glands
Epithelial Dysplasia: premalignant change in the epithelium with cellular alteration; clinical features same as hyperkeratosis or erythroplakia
Erythroplakia: clinical term for velvety red patch
Speckled Leukoplakia: clinical term for white and red lesion
Squamous cell carcinoma: most common oral cancer type; white patch, red patch, ulcer, papillary, pigmented
Verrucous Carcinoma: slow growing, exophytic type of oral cancer caused from chewing tobacco
Basal Cell Carcinoma: most common type of skin cancer; invades but doesn't metastasize
Squamous Papilloma: exophytic, cauliflower like lesion; pedunculated base; possible HPV origin
Verrucous Vulgaris: oral wart; evelevated verruciform or cauliflower-like lesion; broad base; HVP infection
Fibroma: smooth surfaced lesion of fibrous tissue up to 1.5 CM in diameter
Epulis Fissuratum: fibroma that develops in the vestibule due to an ill fitting denture
Pyogenic Granuloma: pregnancy tumor; exuberant growth of granulation tissue due to irritation; red, bleeds easy
Peripheral giant cell granuloma: reactive hyperplasia of gingival tissue due to irritation
Peripheral (ossifying) fibroma: fibrous tumor found on gingival tissue; firm and pink; may contain calcification
Lipoma: a benign tumor of fat; slow growing; soft and yellow
Hematoma: bleeding in tissue caused by trauma; dont' confuse with hemangioma
Hemangioma: proliferation of blood vessels; red or blue in color; will blanch on pressure
Smokers melanosis: increased melanin pigmentation due to heavy smoking; more common in females taking birth control pills
malignant melanoma: sunlight important; usually on maxilla
Addisons Disease: insufficient production of adrenal corticosteroid hormone; bronzing of skin and oral mucosa
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: oral and perioral pigmentation; intestinal polyps leads to obstruction due to telescoping of the bowl
Lichen Planus: white striae, usually on buccal mucosa; reticular or erosive; striae of wickham
Erosive lichen planus: painful type with ulcerations; more common in middle aged women
Aphthous ulcer (canker sore): painful lesions on moveable mucosa less than 1 cm; caused by stress or trauma
Primary herpes: usually in children under 10; bleeding and painful gingiva; high temperature
Recurrent herpes labialis: usually on lip; painful; contagious
Recurrent intraoral herpes: painful recurrent lesions on hard palate and/or gingiva; cluster of small ulcerations
Koplik's spots due to Rubeola
Candidiasis (moniliasis): white curds that wipe off (thrush)
Mucocele: soft, bluish, fluid-filled mass usually on lower lip due to trauma to minor salivary glands
Ranula: fluid-filled mass in floor of mouth associated with sublingual or submandibular duct; obstruction due to stone or trauma
Sialolithiasis: stone in salivary duct; causes swelling of gland
Sjogren's syndrome: systemic autoimmune condition often seen in middle-aged women; dry mouth (xerostomia)
Periapical granuloma: inflamed granulation tissue at apex of nonvital tooth; not a cyst
Periapical cyst: (radicular cyst): cyst located at apex of non-vital tooth; contains an epithelial lining (malassez's rest); preceded by dental granuloma
Lateral periodontal cyst: cyst most often located between mandibular (vital) bicuspids
Gingival cyst: soft tissue counterpart to the lateral periodontal cyst; soft, elevated bluish lesion
Dentigerous cyst: cyst associated with the crown of an impacted tooth
Eruption cyst: type of a dentigerous cyst; seen when the tooth erupts (a swelling on the ridge); soft, fluid-filled
Primordial cyst: cyst that may occur in the place of a tooth
Odontogenic keratocyst: a benign aggressive cyst with a high occurance rate; unilocular or multilocular
Incisive Canal Cyst (Nasopalatine cyst): cyst between the maxillary centrals
Globulomaxillary cyst: a cyst between the maxillary cuspid and lateral
Simple bone cyst (traumatic bone cyst): cyst often occurring between and below teeth (scalloped border)
Residual cyst: a periapical cyst left behind after the extraction of a tooth
ameloblastoma: usually in mandibular molar area; an odontogenic tumor
Comound odontoma: odontogenic tumor of multiple miniature teeth; usually in maxillary bicuspid area
Complex odontoma: irregular mass of dentin, enamel, and pulp tissue
Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor: 75 percent mandibular; multilocular or unilocular; contain calcified areas
Cementoblastoma: usually mandibular molar; vital teeth; radiopaque mass at apex with radiolucent border
Odontogenic Myxoma: soap bubble appearance; unilocular and multilocular lucency
Ameloblastic Fibroma: 70 percent in mandible; 50 percent associated with an unerupted tooth
Periapical cemental dysplasia: common lesion seen near apex of mandibular anterior teeth in black women
Idiopathic osteosclerosis: area of increased bone density of unknown cause
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