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Chapter 9 Muscular System

Terms in this set (85)

Skeletal Muscle
Striated and voluntary
Found attached to bones
The only type of muscle that is voluntary
Must be supplied by the somatic motor nerve
Smooth Muscle
Found in the walls of organs or viscera
Found in the walls of blood vessels
Nonstriated and involuntary
The only type of muscle that is nonstriated
Cardiac Muscle
Striated and involuntary
Found in the heart
Tendon
Cordlike structure that attaches muscle to bone
Fascicles
Small bundles of muscle fibers
Endomysium
Connective tissue that surround individual muscle fibers
Aponeurosis
Flat sheetlike fascia that attaches muscle to muscle or muscle to bone
Perimysium
Connective tissue that surrounds the fascicles or bundles
Epimysium
Connective tissue that surrounds a whole skeletal muscle
Sarcomere
Series of contractile units that make up each microfiber; extends from Z line to Z line
Actin
Thin protein filaments that extend toward the center of the sacromere from the Z line
The troponin-tropomyosin complex and this protein are called the thin filaments
Myosin
Thick protein filaments whose "heads" form cross-bridges when they interact with the thin filaments
Sacroplasmic Reticulum
Calcium is stored within this structure in the relaxed muscle
T Tubule
An extension of the sarcolemma or cell membrane that penetrates into the interior of the muscle; the electrical signal runs along this membrane toward the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Cross-bridge
The temporary connection formed when the myosin heads interact with the actin, causing muscle contraction
Prime Mover
The muscle responsible for most of the movement in a group of muscles; called the chief muscle
Insertion
Muscle attachment to the moveable bone
Hypertrophy
An increase in the size of a muscle because of overuse
Origin
Muscle attachment to the stationary bone
Synergist
Helper muscle; works with other muscles to produce the same movement
Contracture
Abnormal formation of fibrous tissue in muscles, preventing normal mobility
Antagonist
Muscle opposes the action of another muscle
Atrophy
Wasting away or decrease in the size of the muscles
Classified as disuse, denervation, and senile
Short
Brevis
Diagonal
Oblique
Triangular
Deltoid
Round
Teres
Buttocks
Gluteus
Large
Maximus
Huge
Vastus
Arm
Brachii
Wide
Latissimus
Straight
Rectus
Chest
Pectoralis
Buccinator
Muscle that flattens the cheek when contracted; positions food for chewing
Frontalis
Flat muscle that raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead; creates a surprised look
Temporalis
Fan-shaped muscle that extends from the temporal bone to the mandible; works synergistically with other chewing muscles
Zygomaticus
Extends from the corners of the mouth to the cheekbone; called the smiling muscle
Trapezius
Muscle of the upper back and neck. Contraction of this muscle tilts the head so that the face looks up at the sky; also shrugs the shoulder.
Works antagonistically to the sternocleidomastoid
Hyperextends the head
Orbicularis Oris
Sphincter muscle encircling the mouth; called the kissing muscle
Sternocleidomastoid
Muscles on either side of the neck that cause flexion of the head; contraction of one of these muscles rotates the head to opposite side.
A spasm of this muscle causes torticollis, or wryneck
Attaches to the collar bone, breastbone, and temporal bone
Masseter
A chewing muscle that works synergistically with the temporalis muscle
Orbicularis Oculi
Sphinter muscle encircling the eyes; assists in winking, blinking, and squinting
Levator Palpebrae Superioris
Muscle that raises the eyelid
Platysma
Your frowning and pouting muscle; also depresses the mandible
Diaphragm
Dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.
The chief muscle of inhalation (Breathing in)
Sartorius
Longest muscle in the body; used to sit cross-legged
Intercostals
Barbecued ribs.
Muscles responsible for raising and lowering the rib cage during breathing
Serratus
Jagged muscle that resembles the teeth of a saw; lowers the shoulder and moves the arm, as in pushing a cart
Abdominal muscles
Includes the internal oblique, external oblique, transversus, and rectus
Adductor
Muscles located on the medial (inner) surface of the thigh; horseback riders use these muscles to grip the horse with their thighs
Quadriceps femoris
Group of muscles that extend or straighten the leg at the knee, as in kicking a football.
Includes the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and vastus intermedius
Latissimus Dorsi
Large, broad muscle located over the middle and lower back; lowers the shoulders and brings the arms back, as in swimming and rowing
Gastrocnemius
The achilles tendon attaches the soleus and this muscle to the heel bone.
The calf muscle that is used in plantar flexion ; also called the toe dancer's muscle
Pectoralis Major
Large, broad muscle that form the anterior chest wall; connects the humerus with the clavicle and structures of the chest.
Anterior chest muscle that adducts and flexes the arm across the chest
Deltoid
Muscle that forms the shoulder pads; positions the arms in a "scarecrow" position
Linea Alba
A white line that extends from the sternum to the pubic bone; formed by the aponeurosis of the abdominal muscles
Biceps Brachii
Muscle that flexes the forearm; when you ask a child to "make a muscle," this is the one that pops up
Triceps Brachii
Muscle that lies along the posterior surface of the humerus; it extends the forearm and is used to bear weights in crutch-walking
Gluteus Maximus
Largest muscle in the body that forms part of the buttocks, you sit on this muscle
Hamstrings
Muscle group on the posterior surface of the thigh that flexes the leg at the knee; antagonist to the quadriceps femoris.
Includes the biceps femoris
Soleus
With regard to plantar flexion, works synergistically with the gastrocnemius
Tibialis Anterior
Located over the shin bone; causes dorsiflexion
Which structures slide in the sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction
Actin and myosin
What is the consequence of recruitment
Increase force of muscle contraction
What is the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in muscle contraction
Releases calcium into the sacromere
What is the consequence of tetanus
sustained muscle contration
What happens when receptor sites on the muscle membrane are damaged so that the transmitter ACh cannot bind properly
Muscle contraction is impaired and the patient experiences muscle weakness
What event causes the muscle to relax
Calcium is pumped back into the SR
What happens when you repetitively and rapidly stimulate a skeletal muscle
The muscle tetanizes
Which of the following terminates events in the neuromuscular junction
ACh is inactivated
What actin is antagonistic to the biceps brachii muscle
The triceps brachii contracts
Which condition is most likely to develop in a person whose leg is in a non-weight-bearing cast for several months
Disuse muscle atrophy of the affected leg
Which of the following is indicated by the terms pectoralis, gluteus, brachii, and lateralis
Location of a muscle
Which of the following is indicated by the terms biceps, triceps, and quadriceps
Number of origins of the muscle
What is the basis for naming the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Sites of attachment of the muscle
The hamstrings
Are located on the posterior thigh
Rigor mortis develops
in response to a deficiency of ATP
Creatine phosphate
Is an energy source for muscle contraction
Which of the following is least descriptive of the deltoid muscle
Has its origin on the humerus
Which of the following is most related to the rile of myoglobin
Carrier of oxygen
Suppinators and pronators
twist the bones of the forearm
The gluteal and quadriceps femoris muscles
Assist in abduction of the thigh
A motor unit
Refers to a motor neuron and the muscle fibers that the neuron supplies
T Tubule
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