Bone & Muscle Gross & Histo Lab

Macerated bones

There are bilateral severe, hip dysplasia which is a major orthopedic problem in the dog, affecting large and giant breeds, considered a biomechanical disease in which joint laxity of the hip(instability) is an early finding resulting in chronic subluxation and severe secondary DJD. You can see eburnation and severe osteophytosis.

Vertebra: Degeneration of the intervertebral disks and the ensuing intervertebral instability can result in the development of osteophytes at the margins of the vertebral bodies around or adjacent to the disk (spondylosis, arrow).
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Macerated bones

There are bilateral severe, hip dysplasia which is a major orthopedic problem in the dog, affecting large and giant breeds, considered a biomechanical disease in which joint laxity of the hip(instability) is an early finding resulting in chronic subluxation and severe secondary DJD. You can see eburnation and severe osteophytosis.

Vertebra: Degeneration of the intervertebral disks and the ensuing intervertebral instability can result in the development of osteophytes at the margins of the vertebral bodies around or adjacent to the disk (spondylosis, arrow).
Image: Macerated bones There are bilateral severe, hip dysplasia which is a major orthopedic problem in the dog, affecting large and giant breeds, considered a biomechanical disease in which joint laxity of the hip(instability) is an early finding resulting in chronic subluxation and severe secondary DJD. You can see eburnation and severe osteophytosis. Vertebra: Degeneration of the intervertebral disks and the ensuing intervertebral instability can result in the development of osteophytes at the margins of the vertebral bodies around or adjacent to the disk (spondylosis, arrow).
Hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD) (=Metaphyseal osteopathy)

INFLAMMATORY dz but possibly due to immune-mediated etiology

distal radius and ulna are most severely affected (double physis).
Image: Hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD) (=Metaphyseal osteopathy) INFLAMMATORY dz but possibly due to immune-mediated etiology distal radius and ulna are most severely affected (double physis).
DJD

-The articular cartilage of the femoral head and acetabulum is roughened and depressed
-Loss of the articular cartilage (eburnation).
-The coxofemoral joint capsule is severely thickened
-Severe osteophyte formation
Image: DJD -The articular cartilage of the femoral head and acetabulum is roughened and depressed -Loss of the articular cartilage (eburnation). -The coxofemoral joint capsule is severely thickened -Severe osteophyte formation
Degenerative joint disease (osteoarthrosis)

-The articular cartilage of the right femoral head and right acetabulum is roughened and depressed
-Loss of the articular cartilage (eburnation).
-The coxofemoral joint capsule is severely thickened
-Severe osteophyte formation
-Severe synovial hyperplasia
Image: Degenerative joint disease (osteoarthrosis) -The articular cartilage of the right femoral head and right acetabulum is roughened and depressed -Loss of the articular cartilage (eburnation). -The coxofemoral joint capsule is severely thickened -Severe osteophyte formation -Severe synovial hyperplasia
Degenerative joint disease (osteoarthrosis)

-The articular cartilage of the right femoral head and right acetabulum is roughened and depressed
-Loss of the articular cartilage (eburnation).
-The coxofemoral joint capsule is severely thickened
-Severe osteophyte formation
-Severe synovial hyperplasia
Image: Degenerative joint disease (osteoarthrosis) -The articular cartilage of the right femoral head and right acetabulum is roughened and depressed -Loss of the articular cartilage (eburnation). -The coxofemoral joint capsule is severely thickened -Severe osteophyte formation -Severe synovial hyperplasia
Severe synovial hyperplasia and eburnation

Spinal canal: Severe, segmental, chronic spondylosis

Spinal canal: Severe, focal, chronic with intervertebral disc dorsal protrusion/hernia

Ankylosing spondylosis, joints, intervertebral, dog. The bony proliferation (ventrally) has bridged the intervertebral space between the adjacent vertebrae and caused fusion (ankylosis) of several joints. Periosteal new bone formation on the ventral and lateral periosteal surfaces of the vertebrae is called spondylosis
Image: Severe synovial hyperplasia and eburnation Spinal canal: Severe, segmental, chronic spondylosis Spinal canal: Severe, focal, chronic with intervertebral disc dorsal protrusion/hernia Ankylosing spondylosis, joints, intervertebral, dog. The bony proliferation (ventrally) has bridged the intervertebral space between the adjacent vertebrae and caused fusion (ankylosis) of several joints. Periosteal new bone formation on the ventral and lateral periosteal surfaces of the vertebrae is called spondylosis
Hoof and P3: Severe, diffuse, chronic laminitis with rotation of P3
Image: Hoof and P3: Severe, diffuse, chronic laminitis with rotation of P3
Unilateral masticatory muscle atrophy

Base of the skull with brain reflected, encircled is the mass effacing the trigeminal nerve

Pathogenesis: Peripheral nerve sheath tumor > trigeminal motor nerve dysfunction > subsequent masticatory muscle atrophy
Image: Unilateral masticatory muscle atrophy Base of the skull with brain reflected, encircled is the mass effacing the trigeminal nerve Pathogenesis: Peripheral nerve sheath tumor > trigeminal motor nerve dysfunction > subsequent masticatory muscle atrophy
Joint, left carpus: Osteomyelitis, severe, diffuse, chronic with joint cartilage ulceration and arthritis

Joint, synovium: Synovitis, lymphocytic, plasmacytic, multifocal, severe, chronic with synovial membrane proliferation

This herd has a positive of caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) and suspected CAE on this goat. CAE can cause proliferative and lymphoplasmacytic synovitis
Image: Joint, left carpus: Osteomyelitis, severe, diffuse, chronic with joint cartilage ulceration and arthritis Joint, synovium: Synovitis, lymphocytic, plasmacytic, multifocal, severe, chronic with synovial membrane proliferation This herd has a positive of caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) and suspected CAE on this goat. CAE can cause proliferative and lymphoplasmacytic synovitis
Hind leg: Soft tissue sarcoma, likely fibrosarcoma

Fibrosarcomas tend to be infiltrative and locally aggressive surrounding musculature invasion

The mass is partially encapsulated, infiltrative and expanding, composed of spindle cells arranged in a storiform pattern supported by a fibrovascular stroma.
Image: Hind leg: Soft tissue sarcoma, likely fibrosarcoma Fibrosarcomas tend to be infiltrative and locally aggressive surrounding musculature invasion The mass is partially encapsulated, infiltrative and expanding, composed of spindle cells arranged in a storiform pattern supported by a fibrovascular stroma.
osteomyelitis secondary to Coccidioidomycosis Dfdx: osteosarcomaSkull, basisphenoid bone: Moderate, local extensive, chronic granulomatous osteomyelitis VS osteosarcoma this is case of Valley FeverMetastatic OsteosarcomaOsteosarcoma: Neoplastic spindle cells with osteoid productionOsteosarcoma away from elbow, towards knee The most common sites: FORELIMB - proximal humerus - distal radius HINDLIMB - distal femur - proximal tibiaMetastatic OsteosarcomaChondrosarcoma The sparsely cellular neoplastic cells are round to polygonal and are located within lacunae spaces which are separated by large amounts of pale basophilic matrix (chondromatous matrix). These neoplastic cells have scant amounts of cytoplasm with large oval nucleiHypertrophic (pulmonary) osteopathyMetastatic osteosarcomaSOFT SKULL Fibrous osteodystrophy ~ relation to hyperparathyroidism - weak bone - swollen mandible & maxillaNormal lamellar boneGrowth of epiphysis occur by endochondral ossification at articular-epiphyseal cartilage complexes (AECC), composed of articular cartilage and subjacent temporary growth cartilage with similar zones as the metaphyseal growth plates. Lamellar bone (polarized)Bone grows in width > intramembranous ossification lamellar bone --> osteogenic layer --> fibrous layer OL & FL are part of periosteumhumeral osteosarcoma circled: Woven bone: Produce osteoid by neoplastic cells Between the osteoids, neoplastic spindloid cells (osteosarcoma) are present.Osteosarcoma: Woven bone produced by neoplasm.The collagen has birefringence with polarized light but irregular, not lamellatedhumeral osteosarcoma box: spindloid neoplastic cells below bow: osteoidOsteomyelitisosteomyelitis --> Coccidioides immitisreview this slideOsteosarcoma with pulmonary metastasisOsteosarcoma with pulmonary metastasis top arrow: Spindloid neoplastic cells Osteosarcoma Bottom arrow: osteoidRicketsleft: cortical bone right: callus formationfibrillationfibrillationHypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD) (=Metaphyseal osteopathy)Hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD) (=Metaphyseal osteopathy)Nutritional myopathy Cause: Vitamin E and/or Selenium deficiency Pathogenesis: The lack of these elements enhances oxidative injury of actively contracting muscle fibers due to decreased antioxidant activity > muscle necrosis Gross appearance: Depends on the extent of the necrosis and stage, from yellow/white to pale/chalky streaks.