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Body Vocab (4 sets combined)

Terms in this set (56)

chemical digestion
large molecules of food are broken down into nutrients
chyme
a soupy mixture that results after a few hours of combined chemical and mechanical digestion
digestive system
the organs that break down food so that it can be used by the body
esophagus
a long, straight tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach
gallbladder
a sac-shaped organ that stores bile produced by the liver
large intestine
the wider and shorter portion of the intestine that removes water from mostly digested food and that turns the waste into semi-solid feces or stool
liver
the largest organ in the body; this makes bile, stores and filters blood, and stores excess sugars as glycogen
mechanical digestion
the breaking, crushing and mashing of food
pancreas
the organ that lies behind the stomach and that makes digestive enzymes and hormones that regulate sugar levels
peristalsis
rhythmic, muscle contractions that force food into the stomach
saliva
contains an enzyme that begins chemical digestion in your mouth
small intestine
the organ between the stomach and large intestine where most of the breakdown of food happens and most of the nutrients from food are absorbed
stomach
the saclike, digestive organ between the esophagus and the small intestine that breaks down food into a liquid by the action of muscles, enzymes and acids
alveoli
any of the tiny air sacs of the lungs where ozygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged
bronchi
the two tubes that connect the lungs with the trachea
diaphragm
the dome-shaped muscle beneath the lungs that causes the lungs to expand and contract
larynx
the area of the throat that contains the vocal cords and produces vocal sounds
lymph
fluid that is collected by lymphatic vessels and nodes
lymphatic system
group of organs and tissues that collects excess fluid and returns it to your blood; also helps your body fight pathogens
lymph node
small, bean-shaped masses of tissue that remove pathogens and dead cells from lymph; they have lymphocytes to fight pathogens
pharynx
the passage from the mouth to the larynx and esophagus
respiration
the process by which a body gets and uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide
respiratory system
group of organs that takes in oxygen adn gets rid of carbon dioxide
spleen
stores and produces lymphocytes; largest lymphatic organ
thymus
produces mature T lymphocytes to fight infection; main gland of the lymphatic system
tonsils
small, rounded masses of lymphatic tissue located int he pharynx; help defend the body against infection by trapping pathogens that enter the throat
trachea
the tube that connects the larynx to the lungs
artery
a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the body's organs
atrium
each upper chamber of the heart
blood
a connective tissue made of plasma, red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells and that carries gases, nutrients and wastes through the body
capillary
a tiny blood vessel that allows an exchange between blood and cells in other tissues
cardiovascular system
the heart and blood vessels that carry blood throughout your body
pathogens
bacteria, viruses, and other microscopic particles that can make you sick
plasma
the fluid part of blood (a mixture of water, minerals, nutrients, sugars, proteins and other substances)
platelets
these clump together at the site of a wound to stop bleeding
pulmonary circulation
the flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
red blood cells
carry oxygen to every cell in your body and pick up carbon dioxide to dispose of
systemic circulation
the flow of blood from the heart to all parts of the body and back to the heart
vein
a blood vessel that carries blood to the heart
ventricle
each lower chamber of the heart
white blood cells
help keep you healthy by destroying pathogens and cleaning wounds
compact bone
dense, rigid bone tissue with no open spaces
extensor
a muscle that straightens part of your body
flexor
a muscle that bends part of your body
homeostasis
the maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment
involuntary
action that is not under your control
joint
a place where two or more bones meet; may or may not produce movement
ligaments
connective tissue that holds bones together at joints
marrow
soft tissue inside bones that either produces red and white blood cells or stores fat
muscular system
system whose primary function is movement and flexibility
organ
a collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body
skeletal system
made up of bones, cartilage and connective tissue
spongy bone
many open spaces for blood vessels; this provides most of the strength and support for a bone
tendons
tough connective tissue that connects muscles to bones
tissue
a group of similar cells that perform a common function
voluntary
action that is under your control
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