Chapter 2

Cleavage is:
When crystals grow with smooth, flat surface with geometric outlines
Flat, smooth planes along which a mineral breaks
A reflection of internal inconsistencies in the crystal structure
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Terms in this set (28)
Cleavage is:
When crystals grow with smooth, flat surface with geometric outlines
Flat, smooth planes along which a mineral breaks
A reflection of internal inconsistencies in the crystal structure
Flat, smooth planes along which a mineral breaks
Identify the physical mineral property described. "The fine-grained nature of the powdery residue results in a more reliable observed color."
luster
cleavage
color
streak
streak
What type of minerals dissolves most easily in water?
covalently bonded minerals
metallically bonded minerals
ionically bonded minerals
ionically bonded minerals
The size of atoms in a mineral, and therefore how they pack together and bond to one another, determines the hardness of a mineral.
True
False
True
Graphite is a mineral but sugar is not. Why is this so?
Sugar is naturally occurring, but graphite is manufactured.
Graphite has an orderly arrangement of atoms, but sugar does not.
Graphite is inorganic but sugar is organic.
Sugar is not an important material for manufacturing.
Graphite is inorganic but sugar is organic.
Does cubic zirconia fit the definition of a mineral? If not, specify which part of the definition does not apply to this material.
It is a mineral because it meets all of the required characteristics
Not a mineral because it's organic
Not a mineral because it does not have an ordered atomic structure
Not a mineral because it does not possess a definite or slightly variable chemical composition
Not a mineral because it's not a naturally occurring solid
Not a mineral because it's not a naturally occurring solid
Minerals are the fundamental building blocks of Earth.
True
False
True
In order for an atom to substitute for dominant atoms in a crystal structure what must occur?
The atom must be similar in size to the crystal's atoms.
The atom must have the same charge as the crystal's atoms.
The atom must be close in electronegativity values to the crystal's atoms.
The atoms must be close to each other on the periodic table of elements.
The atom must be similar in size to the crystal's atoms.
Why does iron, when added to quartz, cause the purple color of amethyst?
Iron overpowers the silicon in quartz.
The presence of trace constituents can affect color.
Amethyst is formed under extremely hot conditions.
Iron is red and silicon is blue, making purple.
The presence of trace constituents can affect color.
Freely roaming electrons in a material tend to make it a conductor of electricity. What other property do freely roaming electrons have an effect upon?
density
color
luster
cleavage
luster
Which of the following is not a way that atoms achieve a full outer layer of electrons? transferring electrons from an inner level sharing electrons with another atom transferring electrons to another atom gaining extra electrons from another atomtransferring electrons from an inner levelDoes cubic zirconia fit the definition of a mineral? If not, specify which part of the definition does not apply to this material. Not a mineral because it does not possess a definite or slightly variable chemical composition It is a mineral because it meets all of the required characteristics Not a mineral because it does not have an ordered atomic structure Not a mineral because it's not a naturally occurring solid Not a mineral because it's organicNot a mineral because it's not a naturally occurring solidWhich of the following is not a mineral? halite diamond sugar calcitesugarMinerals are the fundamental building blocks of Earth. True FalseTrueWhy does manganese, when added to calcite, cause the mineral to turn a deep red? Manganese is formed under extremely hot conditions. Manganese is red and calcium is white, making red. The presence of trace constituents can affect color. Manganese overpowers the calcium in calcite.The presence of trace constituents can affect color.One mineral is held together by ionic bonds and the other by covalent bonds. Which is stronger? They are equally weak. The one held together by ionic bonds is stronger. They are equally strong. The one held together by covalent bonds is stronger.The one held together by covalent bonds is stronger.Which of the following physical properties are affected by atomic spacing and bond strength? hardness, cleavage, crystal faces streak, luster, density luster, color, hardness density, hardness, cleavage color, density, cleavagedensity, hardness, cleavageWhy is water the universal solvent? Molecules are neutral all around. When cold, water breaks other molecules very easily. Molecules are slightly positively charged on one side and slightly negatively charged on the other. When warm, water breaks other molecules very easily.Molecules are slightly positively charged on one side and slightly negatively charged on the other.Which of the following is not a way that atoms achieve a full outer layer of electrons? gaining extra electrons from another atom sharing electrons with another atom transferring electrons to another atom transferring electrons from an inner leveltransferring electrons from an inner levelWhich of the following is not a mineral? graphite steel diamond ironsteelAll major rock forming minerals are silicates. True FalseFalseHow does bonding affect the hardness of a crystal? van der Waals forces produce crystals that are harder than ionically bonded crystals. Covalently bonded crystals are harder than ionically bonded crystals. Some ionically bonded crystals are harder than covalently bonded crystals, depending on the charges of ions involved. Ionically bonded crystals are harder than covalently bonded crystals. Metallic bonds in crystals are harder than those with covalent bonds.Covalently bonded crystals are harder than ionically bonded crystals.Cleavage is: When crystals grow with smooth, flat surface with geometric outlines Flat, smooth planes along which a mineral breaks A reflection of internal inconsistencies in the crystal structureFlat, smooth planes along which a mineral breaksWhat type of minerals dissolves most easily in water? covalently bonded minerals metallically bonded minerals ionically bonded mineralsionically bonded mineralsThe size of atoms in a mineral, and therefore how they pack together and bond to one another, determines the hardness of a mineral. T FTGraphite is a mineral but sugar is not. Why is this so? Sugar is naturally occurring, but graphite is manufactured. Graphite has an orderly arrangement of atoms, but sugar does not. Graphite is inorganic but sugar is organic. Sugar is not an important material for manufacturing.Graphite is inorganic but sugar is organic.Does cubic zirconia fit the definition of a mineral? If not, specify which part of the definition does not apply to this material. It is a mineral because it meets all of the required characteristics Not a mineral because it's organic Not a mineral because it does not have an ordered atomic structure Not a mineral because it does not possess a definite or slightly variable chemical composition Not a mineral because it's not a naturally occurring solidNot a mineral because it's not a naturally occurring solidIn order for an atom to substitute for dominant atoms in a crystal structure what must occur? The atom must be similar in size to the crystal's atoms. The atom must have the same charge as the crystal's atoms. The atom must be close in electronegativity values to the crystal's atoms. The atoms must be close to each other on the periodic table of elements.The atom must be similar in size to the crystal's atoms.