Philosophy Quiz 3

Natural Theology
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Terms in this set (25)
Natural Theology
the attempt to discover what could be known about God through human experience and reason
Who originated the ontological argument for the existences of God?
Anselm of Canterbury
According to the ontological argument, the greatest conceivable being must exist by definition because...
It is greater for something to exist in reality than simply as an idea in our minds - the greatest conceivable being must exist in reality
What did Kant's criticism of the ontological argument conclude?
only if existence is a property can it make sense to say that existence adds something to a being that makes it greater than it would be without it
What is Thomas Aquinas famous for?
"five ways" of proving God's existence
What are cosmological arguments?
arguments from the dependence and finiteness of beings to their world
What is the central assumption of cosmological arguments?
there cannot be an infinite chain of causes
Who offered the most popular teleological argument?
William Paley
What analogy did William Paley use for the universe?
a watch
What does the updated form of the teleological argument point to?
the fine tuning of the universe
Robin Collins likens the fine tuning of the universe to being able to..."hit an inch-wide target on a dart board the size of the galaxy"Logically, since fine tuning the universe cannot be explained by necessity or chance, it would have to be explained by...intelligent designWhat are strategies skeptics have given for getting around the implications of the fine-tuning of the universe?Many-universes hypothesis && "Who Designed the Designer" objectionWhat are the origins of the Kalam Cosmological Argument?Arabic philosophers during the Middle AgesThe Big Bang Theory, the Second law of thermodynamics, and the nonexistence of an actual infinite are pieces of evidence that show...that the universe had a beginningWhat did J.P. Moreland say about getting to a universe today without a beginning is like..."trying to jump out of a bottomless pit" (it ain't happenin)What does the Kalam Cosmological Argument assume?something cannot come from nothingWhat 7 things does the Kalam Cosmological Argument mean about God:1. God is TRANSCENDENT 2. God is IMMUTABLE 3. God is IMMATERIAL 4. God is UNCASED 5. God is EXCEEDINGLY POWERFUL 6. God is PERSONAL 7. God is GOODWhat does Alvin Plantinga argue?that without arguments for God's existence, our belief in God can be properly basic from our sense of the divine (sensus divinitatis)Alvin Plantinga's argument is often called?Reformed EpistemologyWhat did Epircurus say about God and evil?"Is God willing to prevent evil, but not able? Then he is not God. Is he able, but not willing? Then he is evil."How else could God have prevented the possibility of evil according to skeptics?by not creating, creating only plants and rocks, or creating a world without free willLogically, a good God could continue to permit evil if...it were to bring about a greater goodWhat did Joseph tell his brothers in Genesis 50:20?"You planned evil against me; God planned it for good."What assumption do evidential arguments of evil (William Rowe) rely on?a conclusion drawn on the basis of what one does not see