Chapter 3

Term
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An organic compound tends to be water soluble if it contains one polar functional group that is capable of ______ bonding for every ______ C atoms it contains.
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Terms in this set (19)
An organic compound tends to be water soluble if it contains one polar functional group that is capable of ______ bonding for every ______ C atoms it contains.
hydrogen; 5
A compound with one alkyl group attached to a phosphate group is known as a phosphate
ester
Intermolecular forces are the interactions that occur ______ molecules. ______ groups in the molecules determine the type and strength of these forces.
between; functional
Which of the following statements correctly describe ionic bonding? Select all that apply.
Ionic compounds are held together by electrostatic interactions.
Ionic interactions are stronger than the intermolecular forces present between uncharged covalent compounds
Select all statements that correctly describe vitamin A.
Vitamin A is known as retinol.
Vitamin A is essential to proper functioning of the eyes.
Vitamin A is an organic compound.
The interactions between individual molecules are known as _____ forces.
intermolecular
An ionic compound contains oppositely charged particles that are held together by strong _____ interactions, also called ionic bonds. Ionic interactions are stronger than the ______ forces between uncharged covalent molecules.
ionic; intermolecular
True or false: A ketone is nucleophilic at the carbonyl oxygen and electrophilic at the carbonyl carbon
true
Select all statements that correctly describe organic compounds.
Organic compounds often contain S, P, and the halogens.
Organic compounds often contain C=O and C=C bonds.
What name is given to an atom or group of atoms within a molecule that is largely responsible for the properties and reactivity of the molecule?
Functional Group
Select all of the statements that correctly describe how functional groups affect the properties and reactivity of molecules.Heteroatoms may have lone pairs that function as basic sites. Heteroatoms are more electronegative than C and create electron-deficient sites on adjacent C atoms. π bonds are easily broken in chemical reactions.Which of the following structural features affects the melting point of a compound but not the boiling point?symmetry of the moleculesA carbon atom is classified according to the number of _____ atoms bonded to it. The abbreviation 2o indicates a _____ C atom that has _____ other _____ atoms bonded to it.carbon; secondary; two; carbonWhich of the following statements correctly describe the changes that occur when a covalent compound boils? (Select all that apply.)The stronger the intermolecular forces, the greater the amount of energy required for the change from liquid to gas. The compound becomes less ordered and intermolecular forces are broken.Acetone (shown) can dissolve in a nonpolar organic solvent such as CCl4 because it has a _____ C-H skeleton and can therefore interact effectively with the CCl4. Acetone can also dissolve in H2O because it has a small C skeleton and the carbonyl group can interact through _____ with H2O.nonpolar;hydrogen bondingWhich of the following characteristics of a molecule are influenced by its functional groups? (Select all that apply.)The overall polarity of the molecule The presence of electron-deficient sites in a molecule The acid-base behavior of a moleculeBoiling requires energy to overcome the _____ forces between the liquid particles. The stronger these forces, the _____ the amount of energy required to overcome them and the _____ the boiling point will be.intermolecular; greater; higherWhich of the following are common structural features of organic compounds? (Select all that apply.)Heteroatoms C-C and C-H σ bonds π bondsWhich of the following statements correctly describe dipole-dipole interactions? (Select all that apply.)Dipole-dipole interactions are attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules. A molecule must have a permanent dipole to exhibit dipole-dipole interactions.