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psych chp 5

Terms in this set (44)

reflex
an unlearned, voluntary response that is not under personal control or choice- one of many that occur in both animals and humans
classical conditioning
A type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli. A neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus (US) begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulus. Also called Pavlovian or respondent conditioning.
unconditioned response (UCR)
In classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US), such as salivation when food is in the mouth.
unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
A natural stimulus (food) that reflexively elicits a response (salivation) without the need for prior learning.
neutral stimulus (NS)
stimulus that has no effect on the desired response
conditioned stimulus (CS)
In classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (US), comes to trigger a conditioned response.
conditioned response (CR)
In classical conditioning, it is a learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS).
stimulus generalization
Process by which a conditioned response becomes associated with a stimulus that is similar but not identical to the original conditioned stimulus
stimulus discrimination
Process by which an organism learns to respond only to a specific stimulus and not to other stimuli
extinction
A procedure in which the reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior is discontinued. Also may be used to describe the "process" by which a previously learned behavior disappears as a result of non-reinforcement.
spontaneous recovery
The process in classical conditioning by which a conditioned response can recur after a time delay, without further conditioning.
higher-order conditioning
a procedure in which the conditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second (often weaker) conditioned stimulus. For example, an animal that has learned that a tone predicts food might then learn that a light predicts the tone and begin responding to the light alone. (Also called second-order conditioning.)
conditioned emotional response (CER)
Feeling some positive or negative emotion, such as happiness, fear, or anxiety, when experiencing a stimulus that initially accompanied a pleasant or painful event.
vicarious conditioning
classical conditioning of a reflex response or emotion by watching the reaction of another person
conditioned taste aversion
Development of a nausea or aversive response to a particular taste because that taste was followed by a nausea reaction, occurring after only one association.
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