What Were These all About?

Imperial cult
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Terms in this set (25)
Imperial cult
in the Roman world, a partly political and partly religious ceremony in honor of the emperor who was recognized as a superhuman or divine figure.
Gnosticism
greek word "gnosis" meaning "knowledge." Gnostics claimed go have access to a special kind of knowledge know to them alone and by which they could be saved. They believed that there were two gods: one who was the supreme godhead of the divine realm and who was unknown until jesus came to reveal him, and the other the creator of the physical universe whom they equated with the God of the old testament. They believed they belonged to the divine realm and their goal was to return there unharmed by this physical world.
Docetism
from Greek word meaning "to seem" or "to appear to be." The believe of some early Christians that Jesus Christ did not really become flesh but only seemed to have a body. In reality he was a spiritual being who could not suffer or die.
Recapitulation
a doctrine about redemption taught by Irenaeus, a second century AD bishop. He said that the redemption effected by Jesus Christ was a "doing over again" of all that had gone wring in human history.
Council of Nicaea
an ecumenical council held in AD 325, which maintained the true divinity of the Son (Jesus Christ) against the teaching of Arius
Council of Constantinople
an ecumenical council held in 381 Ad that affirmed the Nicene Creed and added clauses about the co-equal divinity of the Holy Spirit
Cappadocian Fathers
a group of Christian priests, including Basil of Caesarea (AD 330-379), his brother Gregory of Nyssa (AD331-395), and Basil's friend Gregory of Nazianzus (AD 329-390), whose theological advances and appropriation of Greek philosophical thought are reflected in the clarifications of the Nicene Creed adopted at the Council of Constantinople
Council of Ephesus
an ecumenical council held in AD 431, that taught that Mary, the mother of Jesus, should be venerated as Theotokos ("Mother of God" or "Godbearer"). This safeguards the unity of Jesus Christ as one human-divine person
Council of Chalcedon
an ecumenical council held in AD 451, which considered the question of Christ's human and divine natures and taught that the incarnate Jesus Christ possessed a complete human nature and a complete divine nature united in one person
Council of Orange
529 AD The Council of Orange was an outgrowth of the controversy between Augustine and Pelagius. This controversy had to do with degree to which a human being is responsible for his or her own salvation, and the role of the grace of God in bringing about salvation
ManicheismReligion created by Mani (216 - 272 AD) Combination of Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, and Christianity Spreads Manichaeism along the silk roads, but is persecuted by empires Manichaeism does not last for very longDonatismA group of chrisitans that split fromt he main body of teh church in the century AD in a dispute over whether priests or bishops who collaborated with roman persecutores of the christianity could reatin their offices or administer the sacraments. OPPOSED TO AUGUSTINEPelagianismascetic who asserted free will while denying original sin regarding human choices; opposed by Saint AugustinePredestinationThe idea that God knows what is going to happen to us, but doesn't predict and enforce the past/future. Not choice of God, we choose our own path. He chooses who is and who is not going to be sacredLay Investiture-popes more concerned with politics -church officials appointed by lords -Concordat of Worms ends the Investiture Controversy -church officials appointed by church, loyal to lordSimonyThe buying and selling of spiritual things, including church leadership positionsConcubinageDuring the early medieval period, the practice among some clergy of maintaining concubines in a relationship something like marriageFourh Lateran CouncilAD 1215- Urged reform of the clergy and defined the dogma of transubstantiation, concerning the real presence of Christ in the EucharistTransubstantiationA teaching about how the bread and wine of the Eucharist become the body and the blood of Jesus Christ; after consecrations by validly ordained priest, the accidents remain as bread and wine but the substance changes and becomes the body and blood of Jesus Christ.MendicantFrom the latin word "begging" a tpe of religous order that emerged in the High Middle ages. Unlike monks, mendicants lived in towns and cities, begged for their livelihood, and performed whatever ministry needed to be doneBeguinesindependent communities of laywomen that first emerged in Europe in the High Middle Ages. They had no rule or permanent religious vows, but they shared a form of common life and engaged in contemplative prayer or ministries of caring for the sick and the poor.WaldensiansWaldensians are named for their founder Valdes, these Poor Men of Lyons sought to return to the apostolic life of the early church. They were condemned as heretical at the Council of Verona because of their hostility toward the clergy.Cathers/ Albegensiansmeaning "pure ones" this anticlerical Christian reform movement emerged in the twelfth century AD, teaching that the world and the flesh were work of an evil God. Thus they practiced severe asceticism. Catharism was wide-spread in Southern France, where they came to be known as the Abigensians.IquistionA legal body set up to investigate and punish heretics. Although the Inquisition itself was usually under the jurisdiction of church officials, civil leaders were often called upon to execute whatever punishments were assignedScholasticismMedieval theology that took the truths uncovered by philosophers like Aristotle and showed how they were compatible with Christianity. In general, scholastic theology, so called because of its setting in medieval schools and the new universities, tried to harmonize faith with reason.