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Nutrition 10: Chapter 1- Basics of Nutrition

Terms in this set (15)

How does the body renew itself?
-blood (1% of blood cells are new everyday)
-skin (we lose old layers of skin everyday)
-hair (body hair grows daily)
-intestine cells (renew every 3-5 days)
What are the 6 classes of nutrients?
-Protein
-Carbohydrates
-Fats
-Vitamins
-Minerals
-Water
Which classes of the 6 classes of nutrients provide energy for the body?
Carbohydrates, Fats, and Protein
What percent should each of the 6 classes of nutrients be present in your body?
-50-60% water
-15-25% fat (15% for men, 25% for women)
-18-20% protein
-4-5% minerals
-less than 1% carbohydrates
-less than 1% vitamins
What are Essential Nutrients?
Essential nutrients are the nutrients that your body cannot produce or cannot supply enough at a sufficient rate to meet the body's needs.
*Essential Nutrients are required in the diet since the body cannot produce enough of it or any of it.
What are the 3 basic functions of nutrients in the body?
1. Energy: (Protein, Carbohydrates, Fats); when the bonds are broken, it releases heat in the form of calories.
2. Structure: Calcium and protein account for the building of bone structure
3. Regulation: Protein; building new hormones and regulating fluid balance
What is RDA?
(Recommended Dietary Allowances)
The daily amount of nutrient considered adequate to meet the needs of nearly all healthy people in the population.
*A pretty large value
What factors are considered when making the RDA for a certain food?
-Determined for protein and other nutrients
-age, gender, physiological states
-averaged over several days
-Adjustments to the RDA:
1.Diet Quality
2. bioavailability
3. losses due to food preparation
What is the definition of digestion?
When food is broken down into small pieces that are able to be absorbed by the intestines
What are the 2 phases of digestion?
1. Physical Digestion= moving and grinding of food (mouth to esophagus to stomach)

2. Chemical Digestion= the chemical breakdown of food through digestive enzymes (stomach to to small intestine to large intestine)
What internal organ produces the digestive enzymes to handle the breakdown of protein, carbohydrates, and fats?
The pancreas
What is the form of undigested food?
Stool/Poop
What is absorption?
The process of taking small food fragments from the small intestine and transporting them into the blood.
Where does absorption occur?
The surface of the small intestine
How does poop form?
Undigested food moves into the large intestine and the body removes the water and minerals. The compacted material turns into poop.
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