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Chapter 26 vocab APUSH

Terms in this set (44)

Sitting Bull
One of the leaders of the Sioux tribe. He was a medicine man " as wily as he was influential." He became a prominent Indian leader during the Sioux Was from 1876-1877. The well-armed warriors at first proved to be a superior force. During Custer's Last Stand in 1876, he was " making medicine" while another Indian, Crazy Horse, led the Sioux. When more whites arrived at the Battle of Little Big Horn, Sitting Bull and the other Sioux we forced into Canada.
George A. Custer
Discovered gold in Black Hills of South Dakota, his seventh cavalry division was decimated by the Sioux at the battle of Little Big Horn
Chief Joseph
He was chief of the Nez Perce Indians of Idaho. People wanting gold trespassed on their beaver river. To avoid war, and save his people he tried retreating to Canada with his people. They were cornered 30 miles from safety and he surrendered in 1877.
Geronimo
the leader of the Apaches in Arizona and New Mexico, fought against the white man, who was trying to force the Apaches off of their land. He had an enormous hatred for the whites. He was, however, eventually pushed into Mexico where he surrendered
Helen Hunt Jackson
Author, wrote A Century of Dishonor and Ramona, helped gain sympathy for the Indians
John Wesley Powell
Geologist, warned people that so little rain fell in the midwest, farming was only possible through mass irrigation
Oliver H. Kelly
Founded "The Grange," helped improve the lives of isolated farmers
William Hope Harvey
Author and illustrator, wrote Coin's Financial School, advocated the use of silver coins
Mary Elizabeth Lease
became well known during the early 1890's for her actions as a speaker for the populist party. She was a tall, strong woman who made numerous and memorable speeches on behalf of the downtrodden farmer. She denounced the money-grubbing government and encouraged farmers to speak their discontent with the economic situation.
Frederick Jackson Turner
Historian, wrote one of the most influential essays ever, The Significance of the Frontier in American History
James B. Weaver
He was a general during the Civil War. He was chosen as the presidential candidate of the Populist party. He was a Granger with an apt for public speaking. He only ended up getting three percent of the popular votes which is really a large number for a third party candidate.
Jacob S. Coxey
Led a march on Washington during the Panic of 1893, demanded jobs, arrested for walking on grass
Eugene V. Debs
Led the Pullman Strike, was arrested and put in jail for 6 months, became America's leading Socailist
William McKinley
Republican presidential candidate in 1896, respectable, friendly, civil war major
Marcus Alozo Hanna
Financially and politically supported William McKinley throughout his political career
William Jennings Bryan
Democratic presidential candidate in 1896, advocated free silver
Sioux Wars
lasted from 1876-1877. These were spectacular clashes between the Sioux Indians and white men. They were spurred by gold-greedy miners rushing into Sioux land. The white men were breaking their treaty with the Indians. The Sioux Indians were led by Sitting Bull and they were pushed by Custer's forces. Custer led these forces until he was killed at the battle at Little Bighorn. Many of the Indian were finally forced into Canada, where they were forced by starvation to surrender.
Nez Perce
Indian tribe led by Chief Joseph revolted against American gold-seekers who threatened their territory
Apache
Native American-Indian tribe; 1870's; group from Arizona and New Mexico led by Geronimo were difficult to control; chased into Mexico by Federal troops; they became successful farmers raising stock in Oklahoma
ghost dance
A cult that tried to call the spirits of past warriors to inspire the young braves to fight. It was crushed at the Battle of Wounded Knee after spreading to the Dakota Sioux. This led to the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887. This act tried to reform Indian tribes and turn them into "white" citizens. It did little good
Battle of Wounded Knee
A group of white Christian reformist tried to bring Christian beliefs on to the Indians. Fearing the Ghost Dance American troops were called to go with the reformist. While camped outside of an Indian reservation a gun was fired and the troops stormed the reservation killing Indian men women and children.
Dawes Severalty Act
dismantled American Indian tribes, set up individuals as family heads with 160 acres, tried to make rugged individualists out of the Indians, attempt to assimilate the Indian population into that of the American
Little Big Horn
Battle between Custer's Seventh Cavalry and the Sioux, Custer's Seventh was decimated
Buffalo Soldiers
Members of the US 10th Cavalry, also called the "Negro Cavalry"
Comstock Lode
In 1859, A great amount of gold and silver was discovered in Nevada. The "fifty-niners" rushed to Nevada in their own hopes of getting rich, which caused Nevada to become a state. It provided three electoral votes for President Lincoln.
Long Drive
took place in the 1880's in the Western plain states - Cattle ranchers needed a way to easily transport their cattle to eastern cities - Cowboys would round up a lot of cattle and "drive" them to areas near railroad stations - Most of these drives went from southern Texas up to Kansas
Homestead Act
This law, passed in 1862, stated that a settler could acquire up to 160 acres of land and pay a minimal fee of $30.00 just for living on it for five years and settling it. A settler could acquire it for only six months and pay $1.25 an acre. This was important because previously land was being sold for profit and now it was basically being given away. About half a million families took advantage of this offer. Unfortunately, it was often too good to be true and the land was ravaged by drought and hard to cultivate.
Sooner State
Another name for Oklahoma
safety-valve theory
Theory that people from the city could always fall back on the frontier if things didn't work out in the city
Bonanza farms
Wheat farms in Minnesota-South Dakota, covered 15,000 acres each
National Grange
Organization founded by Oliver H. Kelley that helped improve the lives of isolated farmers
Granger Laws
During the late 1800's an organization of farmers, called the Grange, strove to regulate railway rates and storage fees charged by railroads, warehouses, and grain elevators through state legislation. These laws that were passed, but eventually reversed, are referred to as this.
Farmer's Alliance
This was the first "national" organization of the farmers, which led to the creation of the Populist party. This sponsored social gatherings, were active in politics, organized cooperatives, and fought against the dominance of the railroads and manufacturers.
Colored Farmers National Alliance
An alliance of farmers designed to attract black farmers, however, it was difficult for white and black farmers to work together
Populist (peoples) party
A political group which began to emerge in 1891. They gained much support from farmers who turned to them to fight political unfairness. They used a progressive platform. James B. Weaver ran as their presidential candidate in 1892. They had an impressive voter turnout. They were also known as the People's Party.
Coin's Financial school
Pamphlet released by William Hope Harvey, advocated the use of silver coins
Coxey's Army
A group of people that marched on Washington demanding jobs, were arrested for walking on grass
Pullman Strike
A strike led by Debs, US military stepped in because the strikers were interfering with US mail
Cross of Gold Speech
A speech given by William Jennings Bryan that advocated the use of silver coins, convinced the Democrats to elect him as their presidential candidate in the 1896 election
gold bugs
Democrats who couldn't stand Bryan's ideas on silver coinage, left the Democratic party
"16 to 1"
The rate of silver to gold that silver would be worth according to advocates of the use of silver
"fourth party system"
Political era of Republican dominance beginning in 1896, where many key issues faded
Dingley Tariff Bill
Replaced the Wilson-Gorman law and raised the tariff level
Gold Standard Act
Ended pro-silver opposition, allowed paper money to be redeemed freely for gold
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