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41 - Social Class and Labor Movements (abridged)

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aristocracy

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Terms in this set (26)

privileged hereditary upper-class; ranked just below royalty; wealth derived from ownership of one or more estates

Image: aristocracy

term for the middle class used by Karl Marx in the Communist Manifesto

Image: bourgeoisie

white-collar professionals

middle class workers who perform professional, managerial, or administrative work, such as attorneys, engineers, doctors, accountants, and educators

Image: white-collar professionals

Victorian middle class values

determined respectable social standing based on meritorious behavior rather than inherited aristocratic privilege; valued prudish self-restraint, politeness, orderliness, thrift, responsibility, and self-improvement

Image: Victorian middle class values

term for the working class used by Karl Marx in the Communist Manifesto

Image: proletariat

British Reform Act of 1832

extended suffrage to upper middle class males; allowed around 20% of men to vote

Image: British Reform Act of 1832

Chartist Movement

1848 working-class petition demanding universal male suffrage rejected by British Parliament

Image: Chartist Movement

based on inclusion of all classes in the political process through organized parties advocating for ideologically-based social, economic, and political reforms; emerged in the late 19th century once universal male suffrage was adopted in the United States and most European states and settler colonies

Image: mass politics

compulsory elementary education

required basic education for all children; first mandated in Prussia in 1763

Image: compulsory elementary education

Jules Ferry laws

introduced free, mandatory, secular education in France in 1881; eliminated Catholic church control of public education in order to instill republican and nationalist values in French youth

Image: Jules Ferry laws

state institutions that provided employment to the destitute, beggars, and vagabonds; work was harsh, such as breaking stones, crushing bones to produce fertilizer, or picking apart old naval ropes to recycle fibers

Image: workhouses

social question

issues relating to workers and women in western Europe during the Industrial Revolution; became more critical than constitutional issues after 1870

Image: social question

Factory Act of 1833

British law that reduced child labor to no more than 12 hours per day

Image: Factory Act of 1833

Communist Manifesto

influential 1848 pamphlet by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that called for the oppressed proletariat to seize control of the means of production; urged "Workers of the World, unite! You have nothing to lose but your chains."

Image: Communist Manifesto

organization of workers created to defend the interests of members through collective bargaining negotiations with employers or labor strikes

Image: trade union

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Factory Act of 1833