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39 - Second Industrial Revolution (abridged)

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Second Industrial Revolution

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Terms in this set (26)

Second Industrial Revolution

phase of rapid heavy industrialization in late 1800s-early 1900s; saw mass production of steel and chemicals, enormous expansion of rail and steamship, electrification, mass communications (newspaper, telegraph, telephone, and radio); internal combustion engine and petroleum; assembly lines; sewage systems

Image: Second Industrial Revolution

Alessandro Volta

Italian physicist who invented the chemically-powered electric battery in 1799

Image: Alessandro Volta

English chemist and physicist who developed atomic theory in 1808

Image: John Dalton

Michael Faraday

English physicist who invented the first simple electrical generator in 1831

Image: Michael Faraday

English engineer who in 1856 developed a cheap, efficient method to mass produce steel by using a blast of air to burn impurities out of molten iron

Image: Henry Bessemer

German industrialist who transformed his family's small steel business into the world's largest industrial company with 75,000 employees; "the Cannon King" who armed the German and other modern militaries

Image: Alfred Krupp

English biologist who proposed the theory of evolution in Origin of Species (1859); argued that all living forms evolved through the ability to adapt in a struggle for survival

Image: Charles Darwin

Herbert Spencer

English philosopher who applied the theory of natural selection to human societies; introduced the expression "survival of the fittest"

Image: Herbert Spencer

Social Darwinism

theory that people are subject to Darwinian laws of natural selection; argued that the strong should see their wealth and power increase at the expense of the weak; used to justify late 19th-early 20th century political conservatism, capitalism, imperialism, and racism

Image: Social Darwinism

science of improving human populations through selective breeding to increase the occurrence of desirable heritable characteristics and forced sterilization of people deemed unfit for reproduction

Image: eugenics

Swedish chemist who invented dynamite in 1867; established a peace prize so he would not only be remembered for his invention's deadly military applications

Image: Alfred Nobel

Dmitri Mendeleev

Russian chemist who developed the periodic table of chemical elements in 1869

Image: Dmitri Mendeleev

French scientist who discovered relationship between germs and disease in the 1860s leading to better sanitation

Image: Louis Pasteur

British surgeon who pioneered use of antiseptics to sterilize equipment

Image: Joseph Lister

British Public Health Act of 1875

provided local authorities with powers to build sewers, regulate housing, and establish building codes new streets and structures

Image: British Public Health Act of 1875