Upgrade to remove ads
Only $2.99/month

Bio Ch. 4 Review

Terms in this set (36)

an increase in greenhouse effect cases an increase in
temperature
a small valley where the average temperature is higher than the surrounding countryside has its own
microclimate
distinguish between weather and climate
weather= day to day condition
climate= average condition over a long time
3 primary abiotic factors that produce earth's major climate zones
1) solar energy trapped in the biosphere- CO2
2) latitude- distribution of sunlight
3) transport of heat- winds and ocean currents
why does earth have climate zones and seasons
curvature of earth changes the amount of sunlight distributed- climate zones
the movement of earth at different times relative to the sun- seasons
effects of painting the outside of a greenhouse white
white reflects sunlight, so the greenhouse would be cooler
a relationship in which one organism is helped and another organism is neither helped nor hurt is called
commensalism
the relationship of a tick and its hosts is known an example of
parasitism
what is the difference between a habitat and a niche
habitat- the area in which an organism lives
niche- the organism's role within the habitat
what is the competitive exclusion principal
no 2 species can occupy the same nice in the same habitat at the same time
how are predation and parasitism similar? how are they different?
same: one organism feeding off another
predation- one organism hunts and kills another
parasitism- one organism lives off another, but doesn't kill it
competition for resources in an area is more intense within a single species than between two different species because
members of the same species live in the same area an need the same resources
fires, hurricanes, and other natural disturbances can result in
succession (changing out of different species in the environment)
the first organisms to repopulate an area affected by a volcanic eruption are called
pioneer species
what type of succession takes place after lava from a volcanic eruption takes covers an area
primary succession, because there is no surviving soil after a volcano eruption
describe two major causes of ecological succession
natural disturbances and human-caused disturbances
what happens when a windstorm blows down a forest and new, sun-loving plants sprout
secondary succession; completely grown back by 50 years
why does secondary succession proceed faster than primary succession
secondary succession proceeds faster because the soil survives and vegetation can grow rapidly
in a tropical rainforest, the dense covering formed by the leafy tops of tall trees is called the
canopy
permafrost characterizes a biome called
tundra
what is a biome
ecosystems determined by biotic and abiotic factors
why are plants few and far between in a desert
low precipitation and extreme daily temperature changes
although the amount of precipitation is low, most parts of the tundra are very wet during the summer. how would you explain this apparent contradiction?
in the summer, the permafrost thaws and the ground becomes soggy, then freezes in the winter
why would a tree keep it leaves in the summer (rainy season), and loose its leaves in the winter (dry season) to tolerate drought
leaves require a lot of water, and can be kept up during the summer. during the dry months, the tree would loose its leaves to conserve water.
why can coyotes live in the temperate grassland and the temperate woodland and shrubland; what are adaptations that would help them survive
fur color, hybernation, hunting skillz
organisms that live near the ocean floor are called
benthos
what does plankton mean; name 2 types
plankton work with algae and plants to make up a food web; 1) phytoplankton, 2) zooplankton
what are three types of freshwater wetlands
freshwater bogs, marshes, and swamps
how are salt marshes and mangrove swamps alike/different
both are large and have salt-tolerant plants; salt marshes have grass and mangrove swamps have trees
the factor that generally has the greatest effect on determining a region's climate is its
distance from the equator
longitude
is an abiotic factor that DOESN'T effect global climate
if a newly introduced species fills a niche that is normally occupied by a native species, the two species compete. one may die out as a result of
competitive exclusion
photosynthetic algae are most likely to be found in
the photic zone
the water in an estuary is
a mix of fresh and salt
in which biome do organisms have the greatest tolerance to dry conditions
desert
why are lichens especially well adapted to play the role of pioneer organisms in an ecological succession
lichens convert nitrogen into useful forms, break down rock, and add organic material to form soil
THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...