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Industrial Revolution Quiz

Terms in this set (46)

Industrial Revolution
-refers to greatly increased output of machine made goods, that began in England in the middle 1700's
Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?
-Great Britain (England)
Agricultural Revolution / Scientific Farming
-More population, less farmers needed.
Enclosures movements and effects (2)
-After buying land of village, farmers, wealthy land owners enclosed land with fences and hedges, these larger fields are called enclosures
-Landowners began experimenting with more productive seeding and harvesting methods to boost crops yield
-Forced small farmers to become tenant farmers or to give up farming and move to the cities.
-Seed drill, row seed a specific depths
Crop Rotation
-One of the best developments by scientific farmers, This improved method from past
Why England?
-Access to material like cotton
-The beef industry fed British pop.
-Slave plantations provided a market for England's manufactured goods
-British believed that they were smarter than everyone else
-Located Coal
Industrialization
-the process of developing machine production of goods, required such resources like..
1. Water Power and Coal to fuel new machines
2. Iron one to construct Machines Tools & Buildings
3. Rivers for Inland Transportation
4. Harbors for which merchant ships set sail
Factors of Production
-the resources needed to produce goods and services that the Industrial Revolution required. They included LAND, LABOR and CAPITAL (wealth)
Textile Industry
-transformed the manufacture of cloth, clothing demand in Great Britain began to increase as a result of pop. boom by agricultural revolution,
-cotton consumption grew dramatically
-flying shuttle
Factories
-wealthy textile merchants set up machines in large buildings
-factories needed waterpower so the first were built near rivers and streams
Watt's Steam Engine
Created enough power to move many machines; factories and looms start to be powered by this engine, and soon many machines in the industrial revolution were powered by this steam engine
Entrepreneur
-a person who organizes and manages taxes on risks of a business
Richard Arkwright Water Frame
-was used to power from rapid streams to drive spinning wheels
Canal
-human made waterways
Impacts of Steam-Powered railroad locomotives
-Trevthick hauled 10 tons of iron over 10 miles of Track
-Connect port of liver pool with island of Manchester
-Rocket
-Cheap way to transport materials and finished products
-New jobs
-Boosted agricultural and fishing industries
Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution
-people earned higher wages in factories than on farms
-more people could afford to heat their homes
-people could wear better clothing (women from power looms)
-cities swelled with waves of Job seekers
-major industrial centers sprung up between coal rich area of Southern Wales and River valley
-Pop. in England increased
-London's pop. exploded providing a vast labor pool and market industry
-BIRMINGHAM and SHEFFIELD became Iron-Smelting centers
-MANCHESTER formed the center of Britain's bursting cotton industry
-people in the middle class got more wealth
-healthier diets
-better housing
-Labor unions
Negative Effects of the Industrial Revolution
-England had no development plans, Sanitary codes, Business codes
-England lacked adequate housing, education and police protection for the people who came from the countryside seeking jobs
-Most unpaved streets had no drains and garbage collected in heaps on them
-Workers lived in dark dirty shelters w/ big families crowding into one bedroom
-Sickness spread; disease epidemics cholrea
-Life span for working class was 17 while 38 for rural areas nearby
-Workers spent 14 hours a days working 6 days a week
-Machines were dangerous to workers
-No gov. to provide aid incase of emergency
-Coal mining conditions shortened the lives of many men and women
-Land owners looked down on those who had their fortunes in vulgar business world
-Machines replaced some old jobs
-Luddites attacked machine factories (mobs outside factories)
Urbanization
-city building and the movement of people into cities
Middle Class
-a social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, business people and wealthy farmers
Factory Act of 1819
-restricted working age and hours
-British, Manchester
Laissez Faire
-refers to the economic policy of owners of industry and business set working conditions without interference
-Policy favors free market
-"Let the people do as they please"
-Stemmed from Enlightenment
-Free trade
-Free flow of commerce
-Gov messed up wealth
Adam Smith
-Professor at U of Glasgow, Scotland defended the idea of a free economy
-Law of Self Interest (people work for their own good)
-Law of Competition (competition forces people to make a better product)
-Law of Supply and Demand (enough goods would be produced at the lowest possible price to meet demand in market economy
Capitalism
-An economic system in which factors of production are privately owned and money is invested in business ventures to make a profit. (helped bring on the Industrial Revolution)
Ideas of Thomas Mathus
-Population tended to increase more rapidly than food supplies
-Without Wars/Epidemics most people would be poor/miserable (needed them to kill off people)
Ideas of David Ricardo
-Believed that permanent underclass would always be poor.
-In working system if there are many workers and abundant resources, the labor and resources are cheap.
-If there are few workers/resources then they are expensive.
-Wages down as population down
Ideas of John Stuart Mil
-led utilitarianism movement in 1800's
-Believed it was wrong that workers lived deprived lives/starvation
-Wanted policies that would result in equal profits
-Favored agricultural system, women's rights-vote
-Pushed for the reform of education and legal and prison systems
Utilitarianism
-People should judge Ideas, Institutions and actions on the basis of their utility (usefulness)
Robert Owen / Utopianism
-improved working conditions for employees
-Near cotton mil he built houses which he rented at low rates
-Provided free schooling and prohibited children 10 and under working in the mills
-Founded cooperative community= New Harmony
Socialism
-the factors of production are owned by the public an operate for welfare of all. Argued that government should pan the economy not depend on free market capitalism to do the job
Marxism/Radical
-Radical type of socialism outlined ideas in the Communist Manifesto
Socialism / Marx & Engles
-Argued that human societies have always divided into working classes. Wealthy controlled the means of producing good, poor performed back breaking labor under terrible conditions
Future According to Marx
-Believed that capitalist system would eventually destroy itself
-Factories would drive small artisans out of business making small number of manufactures to control wealth
-Prolletrarnt would revolt, sieze # of factories and mills from capitalists and produce what society needed
-Classes society would develop
Communism
-the form of complete socialism in which the means of production (all lands factories, railroads and businesses would be owned by the people.
Unions
-Voluntary labor associations (made up by workers as a push for reform)
-Unions engage in collective bargaining negociations between workers and their employers. They bargained for better working conditions and higher pay
Strike
-Refuse to work (if factory owners refuse demands of workers)
Factory Act of 1833
-Made it illegal to hire children under 9
-Children 9-12 couldn't work more than 8 hours a day
-Young Adults 13-17 couldn't work more than 12 hours a day
1842 Mine's Act
-prevented women from working underground
Ten House Act of 1847
-limited the work day to 10 hours for women and children who worked in factories
William Wilberforce
-religous man, member of parliament who led fight to end slave trade and slavery in British Empire
Abolition of Slavery
-Abolished in 1833, abolished because people thought it was morally wrong. Other believed slave labor was an economic threat
Women's Right's Activists
-International Council for Women formed in 1888. They formed unions in trades where they dominated
Horace Mann / Public Education
-Free education for all children
Reform Bill of 1832
-demanded a greater voice in politics for middle class
-Modernized districts for election members of parliament and gave new Ind cities more rep.
Suffrage
-right to vote
Charist Movement / The peoples Charter
-many could not vote so they began a popular movement
-suffrage of all men and annual parliament elections
-secret ballet
-gave vote to working class men
-Eventually gave all male adults right to vote
Women's Suffrage Movement
-US & Britain worked to get right to vote
-Reformed societies that protest unfair customs/laws
-Emmeline Pankhrust formed Women's Social and Political Union
-Pankhurts was arrested many times
-Women gained right to vote after World War 1 and National Election in Great Britain.
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