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IMS final science

Terms in this set (57)

physical matter
(anything that takes up space)
substance
(types of matter that are pure)
property
(characteristic of substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance)
chemical property
(characteristic of substance that describes its ability to change into another substance)
element
(substance that can't be broken down into simpler substances by chemical or physical means)
atoms
(basic particle from which all elements are made)
chemical bond -
...
molecules
(group of 2 or more atoms held together by chemical bonds)
compound
(substance made from 2 or more elements chemically combined in set ratio)
chemical formula - ()
...
mixture
(made of 2 or more substances that are together in same place but not chemically combined)
weight
(measure of the force of gravity on an object)
mass
(the amount of matter in an object)
SI units
(International System of Units used by scientists, metric system)
volume
(the amount of space that matter occupies)
density
(mass / volume)
Water has a density of
1g/ml
physical change
(alters the form or appearance of matter but does not turn matter into a different substance)
chemical change
(a change in matter that produces one or more new substances)
law of conservation of mass
(matter is not created or destroyed in any chemical or physical change)
temperature
(a measure of how hot or cold something is)
thermal energy
(the total energy of motion of all the particles in an object)
endothermic change
(a change in which energy is absorbed)
exothermic change
(a change in which energy is released)
chemical energy
(energy stored in the chemical bonds between atoms)
solid
(closely packed particles, has definite shape and volume)
crystalline solid
(solids made up of crystals, particles arranged in definite pattern)
amorphous solid
(particles in solid not arranged in a pattern)
liquid
(definite volume but no shape)
fluid
(a substance that flows)
surface tension
(an inward force among molecules in liquid that brings molecules on surface closer together)
surfactant
(substance that breaks the surface tension of water)
viscosity
(a liquids resistance to flow)
gas
(no definite shape or volume)
pressure
(force of outward push divided by area of walls of container, P = force/area)
melting
(change state from solid to liquid)
melting point
(temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid)
freezing
(change state from liquid to solid)
vaporization
(change state from liquid to gas)
evaporation
(vaporization that takes place at surface of liquid)
boiling
(vaporization that takes place both below and at surface of liquid)
boiling point
(temperature at which a liquid boils)
condensation
(change state from gas to liquid)
sublimation
(change state from solid to gas)
directly proportional
(when a graph of 2 variables is a straight line through the origin, they change proportionally)
Boyle's law
(when pressure of gas at constant temp. is increased vol. of gas decreases)
Charle's law
(when temp. of gas at constant pressure increased, vol. increases)
inversely proportional
(when product of 2 variables is constant, forms downward curving line)
atom
(smallest particle that can be considered an element)
electron
(negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus)
nucleus
(small region in the center of an atom that contains the protons and neutrons)
proton
(positively charged particle)
energy level
(the specific amount of energy that an electron has based on its distance from the nucleus)
neutron
(particle with no charge)
atomic number
(number of protons in nucleus)
isotope
(atoms with same number of protons and different number of neutrons)
mass number
(sum of protons and neutrons)
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