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AP Bio (Ch 10)

Terms in this set (21)

Frederick Griffith

This person made an experiment that involved injecting mice with smooth S cells, rough R cells, heat-killed S cells, and heat-killed S cells with living R cells.

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase

Determined that genetic DNA, not protein, was the genetic material using experiments about bacteriophages

discovered that identical quantities of A and T, C and G were present in DNA

Rosalind Franklin

Woman who generated x-ray images of DNA, she povided Watson and Crick with key data about DNA

in a nucleic-acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base

a sugar that is a constituent of nucleic acids

a pentose sugar important as a component of ribonucleic acid

(biochemistry) a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix

a nitrogenous base that has a double-ring structure; one of the two general categories of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; either adenine or guanine

single-ring nitrogenous base, found in DNA and RNA; either cytosine, thymine, or uracil

Semi-conservative Replication

in each new DNA double helix, one strand is from the original molecule, and one strand is new

Proved that DNA replicates in a semiconservative fashion, confirming Watson and Crick's hypothesis. Cultured bacteria in a medium containing heavy nitrogen (15N) and then a medium containing light nitrogen (14N); after extracting the DNA, they demonstrated that the replicated DNA consisted of one heavy strand and one light strand

DNA Replication

the process of making a copy of DNA

enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule

An enzyme that connects two fragments of DNA to make a single fragment; also called DNA ligase. This enzyme is usedd during DNA replication and is also used in recombinant DNA research.

An enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make the primer.

replication fork

A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.

replication bubble

a region of DNA, in front of the replication fork, where helicase has unwound the double helix

an enzyme that untwists the double helix at the replication forks, separating the two parental strands and making them available as template strands

single-strand binding proteins

Proteins that bind to and stabilize the signle strands of DNA exposed when helicase unwinds the double helix in preparation for replication.

Okazaki Fragments

Short fragments of DNA that are a result of the synthesis of the lagging strand during DNA replication.

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