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ICL/ International Organizations and Regimes

Terms in this set (20)

International Organizations
Organizations created by treaty and that have worked around a variety of subjects
o Don't act like states
• Can't bring claims in ICJ: There are a current proposal now to give that right to the organizations
How are International Organizations created?
- By treaties or in agreements between states
3 Components for PIO (public international organizations)
3 main components

1) Secretariat: administrative aspects of organization
• Responsible for preparing meetings and or gathering information

2) Conferences
• Of member states acting as a general policy-making body

3) Council of members
• When conference is not in session
• Of selected states exercising day-to-day governmental functions
INGO (international non governmental organizations)
- Not created by treaties, created by domestic law
- Not int'l person, but plays important role in int'l law

E.g. Int'l Red Cross, Amensty Int'l, Int'l Chamber of Commerce
History of the United Nation System (1)
- It came from the league of Nations
- Disputes are resolved in general assembly to avoid armed conflict
- Influence of Jeremy Bentham - plan for universal and perpetual peace
- Influence of St. Pierre
- Ideas of giving up colony, breaking up alliances, free trade
- William Ladde - established American Peace Society in US
- Scientific Peace: Apply scientific pricipels in interaction b/w countries and apply those equations to create peace in the world
History of the United Nation System (2)
- Treaty of Versailles 1918
- UN established after WWII
• By superpowers: US, SU, UK, China
• Hope that it would be more coercive than the League
• UN has its own borrowed military power
Major Goals of UN
(1) avoid war and
(2) advance economic and social position of people of the world.
Two ways leading to success of UN
o 1- United States involvement
o 2- UN has its own "borrowed" military power under Article 47 & 48
6 Principles Organs of UN
1) General Assembly (Article 9-22)
2) Security Council (Article 23-32)
3) Economic and Social Council (Article 61-72)
4) Trusteeship Council (86-91)
5) ICJ (Article 87-96)
6) Secretariat (97-101)
General Assembly
General Assembly Art. 9-22
o All member study situation and make recommendation
o Approve budget
o One country, onve vote
o Meets in regular sessions in ¼ of year and can call emergency meetings
o Subsidiary bodies in chart below
Security Council
o Has important responsibility regarding threats to int'l peace and inteprlay b/w Art. 51 and 2(4)
o Since Cold War
• Unanimity - not sure if its good idea to get rid of this, because there can be problems w/o it
o Supervises peace keeping missions and has role in admission of states and appointment of attorney general and elections to ICJ
Economic and Social Council
- Coordinates in areas of socio economic development
Trusteeship Council
o Seen as indispensable supervisory body during decolonization that helped those emerging countries
o Mostly gone now
Institutions outside UN political organs (i.e., special agencies)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF)
- World Bank and other banks
-International Labor Organization
-UNESCO
-WHO (World Health Organization)
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
o Helps balance of payment for developing countries
o Helps with technical expertise (statistics, training, banking, etc.)
o Helps comes with substantial strings - change banking system this way or you wont get your funds
• Coercive effect
World Bank and other banks
o Loans and advise
o Mostly helps developing world
-International Labor Organization
o Working conditions and social justice
o Started in Versailles Treaty, then moved to UN
-UNESCO
o Respect for justice, rule of law, human rights
o US withdrw in 1984, but rejoined in 2002 (Bulgaria was heading it at time)
-WHO (World Health Organization)
o Assistance to developing countries
o Eradication of small pox throughout world
o Immunizations, etc.
Bureaucracy
• UN is highly bureaucratic
• Frustrations and limitations of regulations as what you can do in face of refuges and trying to help displaced people
• Can't get supplies
• Endless paperwork of civil law
• Small gains along the way, though
o Codification
o Decolonization
o Advanced social/human rights
o Helping redistribute money
• Criticism - no world peace attained; wars still going on
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