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Behavior Disorders of Childhood

Terms in this set (21)

DSM-IV-TR
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders of the American Psychiatric Association. it is the primary authority for the indentification of behavior disorders
behavior disorders
organized patterns of behavior, or attractors, that deviate from an arbitrary or socially determined standard or norm. Th ebehaviors are not unique but deviate from the accepted pattern in one of three ways: they may be excessive or deficient, or they may occur under the wrong circumstances
attractors
(dynamic attractor or attractor state) organized patterns of behavior assembled by environmental contingencies. For example, an individual's pattern of walking, running, or talking
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
a disorder characterized by impulsiveness, overactivity and idfficulty paying attention
Selective mutism
a condition in which a child may speak with perfectly normal frequency at home or play but does not speak at all in school
functional assessment
identifying the factors or variables that predict and maintain behavior within the framework of the four-term contingency
functional analysis
a procedur involving manipulation of factors or variables 9the independent variable) suspected of maintaing, causing, or influencing th eobserved behavior (the dependent variable)
externalizing disorders
antisocial behavior patterns, such as attention deficit and disruptive behaviors, that are directed primarily at others
internalizing disorders
personality disorders that are not directed at others and are not easily obervable internal events (e.g., anxiety disorders, depression)
conduct disorder
a repetitive or persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or age-appropriate societal normals or rules have been violated
oppositional defiant disorder
(ODD) one of the most serious and common behavior problems of children and youth; characterized by defiant and hostile behavior toward authority figures
hyperactivity
a high frequency of repetitive movment and inattention characterized by high-rate switiching between respnse alternative
methylphenidate
a stimulant commonly prescribed for the treatment of ADHD (e.g., Ritalin)
contingency management programs
programs that involve arranging the contingencies to reinforce desired behaviors and the use of mild forms of punishment, such as time-out or response cost, to reduce undesirable behaviors. Commonly used in school settings with ADHD behavior
anxiety
an aversive or unpleasant state involving subjective apprehension and physiological arousal of diffuse nature
autism
a pervasive developmental disorder charactrized by self-injurious and ritualistic behaviors, hypo- or hypersensitivity, little emotional attachment, abnormal speech, low IQ scores, and little or no language
pivotal response training
(PRT) a naturalistic intervention program that helps children with autism engage in an increased lvel of social behavior
positive behavioral support
(PBS) an applied behavior analysis intervention that targets problem behaviors that are most effective when they fulfill an educative purpose. Changin gbehavior through PBS can result in broad changes in a person's lifestyle (e.g., lanuage)
depression
an affective or mood disorder characterized by behaviors that show at least one episode of feeling profoundly sad and hopeless and or losing interest in almost all activities
functional analytic psychotherapy
(FAP) a behavior reconceptualization of cognitive therapy that uses the client-therapist relationship to bring about and change actual occurences of the client's problematic behavior. Frequently used to treat depression.
acceptance and commitment ttherapy
(ACT) a behavior-analytic approach that targets the reduction of avoidance of aversive events or thoughts and increases the ability for changes in behavior. ACT promotes the acceptance of the behaviors of feeling depressed as part of normal living and encourages behaviors that are incompatible with depressive behaviors. It is an alternative approach to traditional cognitive-behavioral therapy and consists of recontextualizing the relation between thoughts and feelings and overt behavior based on the person's discovered valued an choice
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