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Radiation Biology Chapter 6

Terms in this set (35)

Biology
Study of life and living things
Somatic Cells
cells forming all tissue except reproductive cells
Reproductive Cells
cells containing hereditary information
Cells Main Function
Maintain homeostasis or a state of equilibrium in times of injury, stress, exercise, or disease
3 essentials that cells need
Food, Oxygen, Water
Organic Materials
Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids
Inorganic Materials
Water and Mineral Salts
Carbon
Basic element of all organic matter
Saccharides
Another name for Carbohydrates
Types of Nucleic Acids
DNA and RNA
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
RNA
Ribonucleic Acid
Messenger RNA
carries info from DNA to the ribosome
Transfer RNA
assembles the proteins needed found in the mRNA at the ribosome
Normal human has how many chromosomes
46 chromosomes with 23 pairs
Mineral Salts
aka Electrolytes. needed for proper cell function, creation of cell energy, and conduction of nerve impulses
Cell Membrane
Surrounds and Separates cell from environment
Cytoplasm
Protoplasm found outside the nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Highway system of the cell
Golgi Apparatus
forms glycoproteins and transports enzymes and hormones through the cell membrane
Mitochondria
powerhouse of the cell
Lysosomes
Garbage disposal of the cell
Ribosomes
Protein factory of the cell
Centrosomes
Fibrous bands used during cell division to keep DNA organized during cell division
Nucleolus
round body that contains RNA
Cell Division
the Multiplication process whereby one cell divides to from two or more cells
Mitosis
Process of cell division that all somatic cells go thru-produces an exact copy in the daughter cell
Meiosis
Process of cell division that genetic cells go through-produces a different cell in the granddaughter cell
Mitosis subphases
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase
Interphase
the period of cell growth that occurs before mitosis and has 3 sub phases
Prophase
1st phase of mitosis, nucleus enlarges and DNA coils up more tightly, chromosomes enlarge, nuclear membrane disappears, centrioles migrate to opposite sides of the cell and the mitotic spindle will start to form
Metaphase
Chromosome starts to line up in center of the cell attached by its centromere to the mitotic spindle-this forms the equatorial plate
Anaphase
The centromeres migrate in opposite directions along the mitotic spindle which carries the chromatids to opposite sides of the cell
Telophase
Chromatids become loose and long, 2 separate nuclei begin to form, cytoplasm divides near the equator of the cell to surround each new nucleus, and each daughter cell contains exactly the same amount of genetic material as the parent cell
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