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Cell Bio 3: Exocrine Glands

Terms in this set (56)

What are the two categories of glands, and what are they derived from?
Exocrine and endocrine

Derived from epithelial tissue
Endocrine Glands: how do they work?
Glands create hormones and secrete them into the blood, or into ECM for paracrine or autocrine functions
Exocrine Glands: how do they work? (2)
secretions in epithelial lined excretory ducts

secretions can be modified as they flow through system
What types of tumors develop from glands?
Adenomas and adenocarcinoma
How are glands classified? (3 ways)
Mode of secretion

Type of secretion

Cell numbers
TYPES OF SECRETION ...4 TYPES
1) Mucous gland

2) Serous gland

3) Mixed gland

4) Sebaceous gland
Mucous Gland: what molecules does it have (and how does it stain)? Two examples of cells
Mucin, which is PAS positive

Goblet cells and mucous cells of the stomach
Serous Gland: what type of secretions? what are two examples?
-Watery and enriched with enzymes

-Parotid and pancreas are two examples of this
Mixed Gland: has what? 2 examples?
-both serous and mucous glands

-submandibular gland and lingual gland are two prime examples of this
Serous demilunes: what are they? function?
Serous cells on the distal end of the mucous tube

secrete lysozyme
Sebaceous Gland: what do they secrete? what clinical significance do they have?
Secrete waxy, oily substance called SEBUM

-cause acne vulgaris
MODES OF SECRETION; 3 types
1) Merocrine

2) Apocrine

3) Holocrine
Merocrine: how do they work? how common?
Most common mode of secretion

EXOCYTOSIS; no plasma membrane lost
Apocrine: how do they work? 1 example?
Secretory product released apical cytoplasm and apical plasma membrane with it

Lipids from mammary glands secreted this way
Holocrine: how does it work? what is an example of this?
The whole (holo) cell is the secretory product

-sebaceous gland
Vulva: what is it? what disorder?
portion of females genitals; apocrine seat gland cysts occur here
CELL NUMBERS; two types of classification
1) Unicellular exocrine glands

2) Multicellular exocrine glands
Unicellular Exocrine glands: what is it? 2 examples?
Individual secretory cells are found in EPITHELIUM

Examples: goblet cells found in GI tube and respiratory airways
Multicellular Excocrine glands: what is it? example?
-Multiple cells organized into secretory sheets or tubules with or without ducts

-surface mucous cells lining stomach
How would you classify multicellular glands? (2 ways)
1) Shape of secretory units

2) Nature of Duct system
MC: Shape of secretory units: (2)
1) Acinus (in alveoli)

2) Tubular
Simple Gland: what does it have?
single, unbranched duct, or no duct at all
Compound Gland: what does it have?
-Branching ducts exist which converge to form a single duct
What is the function of the collagenous capsule on large, multicellular glands?
Extend into the gland, divide it into lobes and lobules
What are the different section of a duct?
Intralobular ducts go within one lobule of the duct

Interlobulular ducts found in the connective septa between lobules

Interlobar ducts receive the interlobular ducts and drain the lobes of the gland
Myoepithelial cells: made of what? what is their function?
Made of actin and myosin, but they have epithelial origin

Surround secretory units of multicellular glands, and they CONTRACT ... allowing for secretion from glands
SALIVARY GLANDS; What are three salivary glands?
1) Submandibular Gland

2) Sublingual gland

3) Parotid gland
Parotid gland: classification? type of gland? what infection related to parotid?
Classification: compound acinar

PURELY SEROUS

Mumps parotitis
Submandibular gland: classification? type of gland? type of secretions?
Compound tubuloacinar

Mixed gland, with primarily serous secretions
Sublingual gland: classification? type of gland? type of secretions?
Compound tubuloacinar

Mixed gland, with primarily mucous secretions
Saliva: what are enzymes in it? (4)
Lysozyme

Amylase

Lipase

Lactoperoxidase
What antibody found in saliva?
IgA
Irradiation of gland is a treatment for what?
Salivary gland tumor
Anticholinergic therapy ... treatment for what?
-COPD, asthma, Parkinson's
Sjogen Syndrome: what is it?
autoimmune disorder in which salivary glands and lacrimal glands infiltrated ... and become fibrotic
Sjogen: mechanism
CD4+ T cells recognize Ro and La (SS-A and SS-B)

Cause fibrosis of the glands
What presence of what virus can be detected in saliva? how?
HIV-1 and HIV-2: measure antibodies against these
PANCREAS ...
...
What kind of classification for pancreas?
Compound acinar
How do you distinguish parotid from pancreas? (3)
Pancreas has ISLETS OF LANGERHANS

Centroacinar cells

Absensce of striated ducts
What kind if "philic" on the basal and apical sides of pancreas?
Basal domain: basophilic due to rER

Apical domain: acidiphilic due to secretory vesicles (zymogen granules)
Describe the ducts of the pancreas; WHAT DO THEY SECRETE?
Have intercalated ducts

Have intralobular ducts

DUCTS SECRETE BICARBONATE
Pancreatitis: what is it? what causes it?
Lesions due to inflammation of pancreas

-Alcoholism and biliary tract disease most common causes
Chronic pancreatitis leads to ...
inflammation that destroy sparenchyma and endocrine tissue
Pancreatic mucinous cystadenoma: what part of pancreas? who is most at risk?
95% occur in females

-tail of body of pancreas
CELL CLASSIFICATIONS ...
....
Goblet Cell
Unicellular
Laminal surface of stomach
Multicellular sheet
Paraurethral glands
simple acinar
Sebaceous glands
simple branches acinar
Intestinal Glands
simple tubular
Sweat Glands
simple coiled tubular
Glands of stomach/Duodenum
-simple branched tubular
Pancreas/parotid
Compound acinar
Bulbourethral glands
Compound tubular
Submandibular and Sublingual glands
Compound tubuloacinar
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