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Chemistry chapter 11 vocabulary

Terms in this set (40)

Molarity
A way of expressing how concentrated a solution is by counting the number of moles of solute that are found in one liter of total solution
pH
A measure of the amount of hydronium ions in a solution
Conjugate base
The particle that remains after a hydrogen ion has been released by an acid
Buffering
A system that can absorb moderate amounts of acid or base without a significant change in the pH
Standard solution
A specific mixture for which the concentration is known so it can be used in titration
Lewis acid
A pure substance that is an electron pair acceptor
pOH
A measure of the amount of hydroxide ions in a solution
Equivalence point
The moment in a titration when the same number of moles of acid and base have been joined together
End point
The moment in a titration when the number of hydronium ions equals the number of hydroxide ions
Spectator ions
Charged particles in a solution that are not involved in a reaction
Titration
The procedure by which the concentration of an unknown solution is determined by reaction with a standard solution
Ionization
The process that takes place when neutral substances react with water to form charged particles
Net ionic equations
Symbols and subscripts where only those charged and uncharged particles taking place in the reaction are written
Ionization constant
A mathematical expression of the ratio of the multiplication of the concentrations of the products to the multiplication of the reactants in chemical equilibrium equations
Hydrolysis
Any chemical reaction in which water is one of the reactants
Acidic anhydride
A compound that produces an acid when reacted with water
Basic anhydride
A compound that produces a base when reacted with water
Conjugate acid
The substance formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion from an acid
Bronsted- Lowry base
A pure substance that accepts a hydrogen ion
Equilibrium equation
A set of symbols and subscripts that shows the reactants producing the products and the products producing the reactants at the same time
Neutralization
The complete reaction of an acid with a base
Indicator
A substance that changes colors in the presence of a different specific substance
Arrhenius acid
Pure substances that separate in water solution to produce hydrogen ions
Ternary acids
Acids that contain three elements
Hydronium ion
The charged particle that is formed when the positive portion of the acid combines with a water molecule
pH meter
A laboratory instrument that will digitally tell how acidic or basic a substance is
Lewis base
A pure substance that is an electron pair donor
Binary acid
Acids containing only two elements
Buret
A piece of lab equipment that measures volume accurately and dispenses it dropwise
Amphoteric
A substance that can react as either an acid or a base
Salt
A compound composed of the negative ion of an acid and the positive ion of a base
Volumetric analysis
A technique used in quantitative experiments that requires measurements of capacity
Equilibrium
A reaction in which no overall charge is taking place in the system
Percent ionization
The concentration of the charged amount divided by the original substance concentration taken times one hundred
Arrhenius base
Pure substance that separates the produce hydroxide ions in water solution
Bronsted- Lowry acid
Any pure substance that donates a hydrogen ion
Anhydride
A pure substance that has had the water removed
Gravimetric analysis
Experiments that require the calculation of mass relationships
Electrolyte
A substance, that when placed in water, conducts a current
Neutral
A substance that has a pH of 7
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