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Psychology Test #4

Terms in this set (145)

personality
- an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
psychodynamic theories
- view human behavior as a dynamic interaction between the conscious and unconscious minds
- they stress the importance of childhood experiences
free association
- the Freudian technique in which the person is encouraged to say whatever comes to mind as a means of exploring the unconscious
psychoanalysis
- Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts
- also, the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret the tensions within a patient's unconscious
unconscious
- in freud's theory, the unconscious is the reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories
- according to contemporary psychologists, it is a level of information processing of which we are unaware
id
- in freud's theory, the id is the unconscious system of personality, consisting of basic sexual and aggressive drives, that supplies psychic energy to personality
- it operates on the pleasure principle
- bottom of the iceberg
ego
- in psychoanalytic theory, the ego is the largely conscious, "executive" division of personality that attempts to mediate among the demands of the id, the superego, and reality
- it operates on the reality principle
- top of the iceberg
superego
- in freud's theory, the superego is the division of personality that represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirations - middle of the iceberg
psychosexual stages
- Freud's psychosexual stages are developmental periods children pass through during which the id's pleasure-seeking energies are focused on different erogenous zones
Oedipus complex
- according to freud, boys in the phallic stage develop a collection of feelings, known as the oedipus complex, that center on sexual attraction to the mother and resentment of the father
- some psychologists believe girls have a parallel electra complex
identification
- in freud's theory, identification is the process by which the child's superego develops and incorporates the parent's values
- Freud saw identification as crucial, not only to resolution of the Oedipus complex, but also the development of what psychologists now call gender identity
fixation
- in freud's theory, fixation occurs when development becomes arrested, due to unresolved conflicts, in an earlier psychosexual stage
defense mechanisms
- in psychoanalytic theory, defense mechanisms are the go's methods of unconsciously protecting itself again anxiety by distorting reality
repression
- the basis of all defense mechanisms, repression is the unconscious exclusion of anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness
collective unconscious
- Jung's concept of an inherited unconscious shared by all people and deriving from our species' history
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