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Elsevier Qs Antiemetics, AntiNausea, Diuretics, and Bowel Disorders

Terms in this set (29)

The nurse assesses a hospitalized patient who has nausea and vomiting who has been prescribed promethazine (Phenergan). What side effect might the nurse expect in this patient?
Increased risk of low blood pressure
Which neurodegenerative disorder causes constipation?
Parkinson's Disease
*The autonomic nervous system function is impaired in patients with Parkinson's. This may cause impaired intestinal peristalsis leading to constipation.
Which drug works by blocking serotonin in the gastrointestinal tract, vomiting center, and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)?
Ondansteron (zofran)
Which medication can be prescribed for the treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum? (morning sickness)
Ondansetron (Zofran)
*Ondansetron (Zofran) is a serotonin blocker that blocks serotonin receptors in the vomiting center in the medulla and prevents emesis
Which drug acts by blocking serotonin receptors in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, vomiting center of the brain, and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)?
Ondansetron
Which side effect is associated with furosemide (Lasix)?
Hypokalemia
The nurse is caring for a patient receiving digoxin (Lanoxin) and acetazolamide (Diamox) therapy. Which action by the nurse is necessary to prevent adverse effects?
Check the patient's potassium levels in the lab reports.
*Acetazolamide causes hypokalemia, it also increases digoxins toxicity in the pt
A patient is taking hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL). On assessment, the nurse notices the patient has muscle weakness and hypotension. What is the nurse's first intervention?
Check pts serum potassium levels
*an over dose of hydrocholorthiazide displays hypokalemic symptoms
Which drug is the strongest diuretic?
Furosemide
A patient is diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and reports anorexia associated with weight loss. Which class of drugs is used to treat the patient?
Tetrahydrocannabinoids
A patient who is receiving chemotherapy has developed nausea and vomiting. Which drug will the nurse expect to be added to the treatment plan in addition to the chemotherapeutic agent?
Ondansetron
*Blocks the serotonin receptors in the chemo trigger zone (CTZ),thereby preventing chemotherapy-associated nausea and vomiting
The nurse is caring for a patient who has constipation who has been prescribed methylcellulose (Citrucel) laxatives. The nurse reports to the primary health care provider that the patient is showing signs of esophageal blockage. What is the most appropriate instruction given by the nurse to the patient?
"Take the medication with liberal amounts of water, immediately after thoroughly stirring."
* Helps prevent esophageal blockage
The nurse is caring for a patient who has been prescribed scopolamine (Transderm-Scop, Scopace) for motion sickness. Which site is appropriate for application of the patch?
On a hairless area behind the ear
Before administering promethazine (Phenergan) to a patient who has nausea and vomiting, the nurse examines the patient's skin turgor before administering the drug. Why does the nurse examine this?
To assess for the signs and symptoms of dehydration
*Antidopaminergic drugs such as promethazine (Phenergan) are to be used only after cautious assessment for signs and symptoms of dehydration and electrolyte imbalance by evaluating skin turgor.
Which group of patients requires drugs in addition to antidiarrheal drugs when treating diarrhea?
Patients with bacterial infection
The nurse is assessing a patient who is taking furosemide (Lasix). The patient's potassium level is 3.4 mEq/L; chloride is 90 mmol/L, and sodium is 140 mEq/L. Based on the nurse's understanding of the laboratory results, what prescribed therapy can the nurse anticipate administering?
Administer 2 mEq potassium chloride per kilogram per day IV.
*potassium chloride is never given rapidly iv
Before administering the anticholinergic drug scopolamine, the nurse would be careful to assess the patient for a history of which condition?
Glaucoma
*Anticholinergic drugs are contraindicated in patients with glaucoma. These drugs can cause pupillary dilation, which can obstruct the flow of aqueous humor and increase intraocular pressure.
The nurse would expect to teach a patient about which antiemetic commonly used to prevent motion sickness?
scopolamine (Transderm-Scop)
*Scopolamine blocks the binding of acetylcholine with cholinergic receptors in the inner ear, an imbalance of which is a common cause of motion sickness.
The primary health care provider prescribes scopolamine (Transderm-Scop, Scopace) to a patient who has motion sickness. Which conditions will cause concern for this patient?
Narrow -angle glaucoma
What intervention will the nurse perform when monitoring a patient receiving triamterene (Dyrenium)?
Assess potassium levels.
*Triamterene (Dyrenium) is a potassium-sparing diuretic. The nurse should monitor potassium for potential hyperkalemia
Normal Potassium levels
3.5-5.0
A patient with hypertension is receiving spironolactone (Aldactone) therapy. The nurse notices that the patient's serum potassium level is 6.2 mEq/L. What does the nurse anticipate will be prescribed for the patient?
Furosemide
*K levels are too high so we would want to administer a non K sparing diuretic to correct the levels
What is the therapeutic goal for a patient undergoing mannitol therapy?
Decreased intracranial pressure
*Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that pulls fluid from extravascular spaces into the bloodstream to be excreted in urine
The primary health care provider prescribes aprepitant (Emend) to a pregnant patient to treat nausea and vomiting. After assessment, the nurse finds that the patient is taking warfarin (Coumadin). What will the nurse assess from the laboratory test reports in this situation?
Clotting time

*In this situation, aprepitant (Emend) interacts with warfarin (Coumadin) and increases the clotting time of blood

*Red blood cell count and hemoglobin concentrations should be assessed when pregnant patients are anemic.
Antilipemic drugs fall under which category of antidiarrheal drugs?
Adsorbent
*Antilipemic drugs are anion exchange resins and can act as adsorbents, so these are included under the adsorbents category of antidiarrheal drug
The primary health care provider prescribes metoclopramide (Reglan) to a patient for the treatment of nausea and vomiting. What will the nurse advise the patient when administering this drug?
Avoid long term use
*Can cause tardive dyskinesia
The nurse is caring for an elderly patient who is prescribed meclizine (Antivert). The nurse finds that the patient's mouth is dry. What will the primary care provider order to alleviate this symptom?
Sugarless candy and gum
*Sugarless candy and gum may help with the production of saliva and alleviate elderly patient's discomfort
The nurse is assessing a patient who has been prescribed tegaserod (Zelnorm)"TREATS IBS IN WOMEN". Which clinical test will the nurse expect to be ordered for the patient to ensure safe administration of the medication?
Electrocardiography
*Tegaserod (Zelnorm) impairs cardiac functions and causes severe adverse effects like angina, heart stoke, and heart attack.
What is the mechanism of action of loperamide (Imodium A-D)?
It inhibits peristalsis in the intestinal wall and intestinal secretion.
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