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G484 Definitions

Terms in this set (19)

NEWTON'S FIRST LAW
A body will remain at rest or continue to move with constant velocity unless acted upon by a force.
NEWTON'S SECOND LAW
The resultant force acting on an object is directly proportional to the rate of change of momentum and occurs in the same direction as the change in momentum.
NEWTON'S THIRD LAW
When one body exerts a force on another, the second body exerts a force on the first body which is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
LINEAR MOMENTUM
Linear Momentum = Mass x Velocity.
IMPULSE
Force x time for which the force acts.
CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM
The total momentum of a closed system is a constant (provided no external forces are applied).
(PERFECTLY) ELASTIC COLLISION
A collision with no loss of kinetic energy.
INELASTIC COLLISION
During the collision there is some loss of kinetic energy.
NEWTON'S LAW OF GRAVITATION
The gravitational force exerted on one object due to another object is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centres of mass.
GRAVITATIONAL FIELD STRENGTH
Force per unit mass at a point in a gravitational field.
GEOSTATIONARY ORBIT
The spaceship/satellite is always vertically above the same point on the surface of the Earth/planet.
KEPLER'S THIRD LAW
The cube of the planets distance from the Sun divided by the square of the orbital period is the same (for all planets).
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION (SHM)
Acceleration is always proportional to the displacement and is always directed towards the equilibrium position.
INTERNAL ENERGY
The sum of randomly distributed kinetic energy and potential energy of atoms/molecules.
THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM
No net heat flow between bodies in thermal contact (They are at the same temperature).
SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY
The energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one Kelvin.
LATENT HEAT OF VAPORISTAION
The thermal energy required per unit mass in order to change a liquid into a gas at constant temperature.
LATENT HEAT OF FUSION
The thermal energy required per unit mass in order to change a liquid into a solid at constant temperature.
BOYLE'S LAW
Pressure is inversely proportional to volume for a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature.
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