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Chemistry Test 5

Terms in this set (46)

photons
What are individual "packets" or quanta of light energy called?
strength
What can the amplitude of a wave be considered a measure of?
increase
If the wavelength of a light wave decreases, how must its frequency change?
electromagnetic waves and photons
What does light consist of?
Dmitri Mendeleev
Who developed the periodic table of the elements?
8
What is the maximum number not valence electrons an atom may have?
newtons
What unit is wave frequency usually measured in?
photons emitted as electrons drop from higher to lower energy levels
What do the lines in the hydrogen spectrum represent?
alkaline earth metals
Which of the following categories consists of elements that usually exist as 2+ ions?
orbital orientation
What does the magnetic quantum number describe?
electron shell
What does the principal quantum number describe?
ground state
What is the lowest energy state of an atom called?
alkali
The elements in column 1 are the ___ metals.
alkaline earth
The elements in column 2 are the ___ metals.
halogens
The elements in column 17 are the ___ .
noble gases
The elements in column 18 are the ___.
main-group
Elements in columns 1, 2, and 13-18 of the periodic table are classified as ___ elements.
argon
Which of the following elements is from a group that rarely undergo chemical reactions?
BeBr
What is the probable formula of the bromide of beryllium?
nonmetals
Which of the following categories includes nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine, and krypton?
calcium
Which of the following is not an alkali metal?
electron affinity
A chemist reacts chlorine gas with potassium to form potassium chloride, which consists of K+ and Cl- ions. Which of the following properties of chlorine is most important in this reaction?
Na+
Which of the following ions would you expect to require the least energy to form?
iodine
Which of the following is a halogen?
3
How many valence electrons does boron have?
The electron configuration determines an atom's chemical behavior.
Which of the following statements best explains why knowing electron configurations is important in chemistry?
transition metals
Which of the following categories includes vanadium, platinum, and gold?
spectrometer
Astronomers can study the elemental composition of stars by observing the spectrum of a star and comparing it to the spectra of elements on Earth. What laboratory instrument would be used for such an investigation?
F
Which of the following elements would you expect to have the greatest electronegativity?
4
How many valence electrons does tin have?
LiOH
Which of the following compounds is a product of the reaction between lithium and water?
Electron repulsion causes energy overlap between the electron shells.
Which of the following statements best explains why the 4s orbital fills before the 3d orbital?
S
Which of the following atoms would you expect to be smallest?
line
When an element is vaporized and heated in a flame or an electric arc, the light emitted forms a continuous spectrum.
quantum
The theory that regards light as consisting of tiny "packets" of energy that have characteristics of both particles and waves is the matter wave theory of light.
true
The high points of a wave are called crests.
true
The arrangement of all forms of electromagnetic radiation in order of frequency and wavelength is the electromagnetic spectrum.
3.00 x 10(8)
To three significant figures, the speed of light in a vacuum is 1.82 x 10(5) m/s.
troughs
The low points of a wave are called valleys.
frequency
The number of complete waves that pass by a point in a given time is the wave's amplitude.
halogens
The group of elements referred to as the "salt formers" because they commonly react with metals to form salts is the chalcogens.
periodic law
Oxygen and sulfur both form binary compounds with hydrogen: water and hydrogen sulfide. They also form the compounds methanol and methanethiol.
Hund's rule
An element will be attracted by a magnet if atoms of the element contain unpaired electrons. Oxygen atoms have four electrons in their 2p subshells and and are weakly attracted by magnets.
Pauli exclusion principle
Each orbital in an atom can hold no more than two electrons: one with spin +1/2, and one with spin -1/2.
Aufbau principle
A chemist is predicting the electron configuration of the element flerovium by distributing electrons into orbitals until all electrons are used. He determines that the 6p subshell must be completely filled before any electrons are placed in the higher-energy 7s subshell.
uncertainty principle
A scientist is measuring the momentum of electrons produced in a cathode-ray tube; however, she notices that the more accurately she determine the momentum of the electrons the less sure she can be of their position.
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