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APUSH Ch.13/15/Douglass

Terms in this set (55)

Deism
Religious belief that says God created the world and lets it run itself by natural law; stressed humankind's goodness; followed by Jefferson and Franklin; rejected complete belief in Bible and defended free speech
Unitarianism
Denied Jesus as divine, stressed goodness of human nature, salvation through faith and works; William Channing was leader
Universalism
system rejected predestination and stated god shall save all people. It was a very anti-calvinstic movement lead by John Murray, but it remained very small
2nd Great Awakening
Series of religious revivals starting in 1801 spawned by growing secularism, based on methodism and baptism, stressed philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for protestants. Attracted women, African Americans,and Native Americans and became the cause for many reform movements
Methodism
committed to aggressive conversion of all, founded by Wesley and welcomed poor and oppressed
Frontier Revivals
included 2 phenomena: circuit-riding preacher developed by methodists (ex. Francis Asbury) who traveled to convert rurals; camp meetings - unifying events that included women involvement
Baptists
attractive to rurals, emphasized free will and universal redemption and equality of all; completely believed in Bible and human kind's depravity
Charles Finney
the greatest revival preacher; led massive revivals in Rochester and New York City in 1830-31; preached old-time religion and was an innovator; devised the "anxious bench" where sinners stood and repented in front of the congregation; encouraged woman to pray aloud in public; condemned alcohol and slavery; served as president of Oberlin College in Ohio which became a center for revivalist activity and abolitionism
Mormons
Founded in 1830 by Joseph Smith, the sect (officially the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints) was a product of the intense revivalism of the "Burned Over District" of New York. Practiced polygamy, moved to Ohio, Missouri, IL (Nauvoo). Smith's successor Bringham Young led 15,000 followers to Utah in 1847 to escape persecution
Joseph Smith
founded Mormonism; claimed to have found The Book Of Mormon in hieroglyphics from Moroni, son of prophet Mormon, and thought it was a lost section of the bible
Romanticism
19th century artistic movement that appealed to emotion rather than reason
Transcendentalism
a nineteenth-century movement in the Romantic tradition, which held that every individual can reach ultimate truths through spiritual intuition, which transcends reason and sensory experience; believed in intuition; included Parker, Hawthorne, and Fuller
Ralph Waldo Emerson
American transcendentalist who was against slavery and stressed self-reliance, optimism, self-improvement, self-confidence, and freedom. He was a prime example of a transcendentalist and helped further the movement. Wrote "The American Scholar"
Margaret Fuller
Social reformer, leader in women's movement and a transcendentalist. Edited "The Dial", publication of the transcendentalists. It appealed to people who wanted "perfect freedom"
Henry David Thoreau
American transcendentalist who was against a government that supported slavery. He wrote down his beliefs in Walden. He started the movement of civil-disobedience when he refused to pay the toll-tax to support the Mexican War. Influenced reform movements
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