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ols 252 final exam

Terms in this set (125)

one advantage of variable pay plans to management is that it turns
fixed costs into variable costs
dependency is decreased when the resource you control is
highly substainable
_____ research emphasizes style, whereas research on _____ focuses on tactics for gaining compliance
leadership, power
you just began working at a new company. On your first day, they asked you to complete TPS reports. You do not complete them, what type of failure is this and why should it be corrected?
ability, should be corrected by education and training
true/false: organizational commitment is an attitude that is reflected in turnover
true
true/false: sales are some of the most critical people in an organization because if they don't generate results, nothing else matters
true
true/false: it is important that people in both line and staff positions develop good interpersonal skills
true
true/false: behavior can predict, but it depends on the situation
true
true/false: though assessment centers are effective selection devices, a major drawback is their high cost
true
true/false: you are out of gas and have no cash but you promised to go to your sons football game in a town twenty miles away. You look in your wallet and all that you have is business travel expenses only. You need to decide what to do next. this is a modern example of ethical dilemma
true
instrumental values are the means of achieving
terminal values
Steven wants to become an EMT. He wants to help other people and gain their respect and recognition through his ability to provide emergency medical assistant and to gain greater self respect. Which of Maslow's needs is Steven trying to accomplish?
Esteem
the hygiene factors make up the continuum that ranges from
no dissatisfaction to dissatisfaction
the inverted U model of stress and performance relationship indicated
when latter stress increases, performance decreases
according to the punctuated equilibrium model, all of the following are true about groups EXCEPT:
the groups last meeting is characterized by markedly accelerated activity, a sense of urgency
if trait research had been successful, we would ________ whereas if behavioral studies were correct, we would________
change jobs to suit people, change people to suit jobs
according to Hersey and Blanchard, readiness encompasses
the ability and willingness of the followers to take responsibility
Which of the following is NOT true of the charismatic leader?
they are perceived as managers of the status quo
how does the Maximizing or Rational Decision-Making Model differ from the Satisfying and Implicit Favorite Model?
it seeks to find the best solution to a problem
the best way for an employer to find out if a potential employee can do the job is by
the performance simulation test
_____ seeks incremental improvements; _______ looks for quantum leaps in perfomance
TQM; reengineering
the dominant culture:
the sum of the subcultures
which of the following is true about the employee recognition programs?
the best ones recognize individual and group accomplishments
an example of MBO objective is
to cut departmental cost by 10% within 2 months
_____ is an incentive plan where improvements in a groups productivity determine the total amount of money that is allowed
gain sharing
organizational-wide programs that distribute compensation based on some established formula designed around the company's profitability are termed
profit sharing plans
a person who acts as the catalyst and assumes the responsibility for managing the change process is called
the change agent
an example of individual resistance to change is
habit
which one of the following is most important in the definition of power
dependency
the process by which attempts to control the impressions others form of them is
impression management
power tactics explain
how to influence others in an organization
you are the manager for a purchasing group. one of your largest suppliers has brought you a rather expensive fountain pen as a gift. you are facing
ethical dilemma
success is largely the combination and interaction of the following
preparation, selection and adaption, motivation and stimulation, leadership, reference points
the principles of the "magnificent seven" for leadership includes
-hire people who are smarter than you
-take care of your customers
-be able to write with clarity and conviction
"all of the above"
the west point way of leadership is based on what four points?
care, risk, dream, expect
which of the following used as the sole criterion for promoting an employee to manager, could be the most detrimental to placing the best person for the job?
all skills should carry the same weight
human resources can be described by all of the following EXCEPT:
human resouces is customer service for external customers
a written statement of what a jobholder does is a
job description
a written statement of the qualifications a jobholder needs for a given job is a
job speciification
the degree to which the job has a substantial; impact on the lives or work of other people is
task significance
the job characteristic model evaluates a job to determine an employees
task identity, autonomy, skill variety, task significance, and feedback
the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work is
task identity
if the manager uses critical incidents as a method of perfomance evaluation
the focus is on key behaviors
mini-cultures within an organization, typically defined by departmental designation and geographical separation are often called
subcultures
observing the physical surroundings, characterizing the style of the people and observing the degree of formalization of rules and regulations are all ways to
"read" the culture of the organization
by learning the language of an organization and the units within organizations
members attest to their acceptance of culture
as organizations have widened span of control, fattened structures, introduced teams, reduced formalization and empowerment of employees, the _________ provided by a strong culture ensures that everyone is pointed in the same diection
shared values
for the individual employee, MBO provides
specific personal performance objectives
labor-management negotiations over wages exemplifies
distributive barganing
the negotiation strategy that emphasizes win-win solutions is called:
integrative barganing
in third party negotiations, a third party with the authority to decide an agreement is known as
arbitrator
Jimmy and John are partners in a law firm. Their firm has grown considerably and they are unable to service all of their clients. They do not want to invite other attorneys to join them and must decide which clients to keep and which to send to other law firms. They have reached an impasse in their discussion about which they will keep and have decided to bring in outside help in their negotiations. They have decide that they will bring in a neutral third party who will facilitate a negotiated solution by using reasoning, persuasion, suggesting alternative, and the like. This person is:
mediator
your _____ determines the lowest value acceptable to you for a negotiated agreement
BATNA
_________ defines how job tasks are formally divided, grouped and coordinated
organizational structure
a small, core organization that outsources major business functions is the ______ organization
virtual
grouping jobs on the basis of function, product, geography, process, or customer is a way to show
depaertmentaliation
the more that lower level personnel provide input or are actually given the discretion to make decisions, the more ___________ there is
decentralization
You are interested in explaining the different types of organizational designs to students of basic management. These students need to know the advantages and disadvantages of each structure as well as the structure's characteristic's. The structure that combines functional and product departmentalization is the
Matrix Structure
You have learned about traditional and new design options for organizational structures. You have decided that one of the designs developed since the early 1980s is probably the most appropriate for your newly formed organization. You have decided that you wish to outsource many of the functions that are usually performed internally. You have chosen to operate your business as a
virtual organization
what is the final link in the communication process
feedback
suggestion boxes, employee attitude surveys, and grievance procedures are examples of
upward communication
the ____ network is not controlled by management and is perceived by most employees as being believable and reliable
informal
rumors would MOST likely flourish in situations where there is
anxiety
there is a rumor in your organization that layoffs are inevitable. which of the following is NOT suggested by your text as a way to reduce negative consequences of rumors?
ignore the rumors
the most important criterion in determining whether conflict is functional or dysfunctional is
group performace
the assertive and uncooperative conflict-handling orientation is
competing
the conflict-handling orientation that is based on a process of give-and-take and an emphasis on "splitting the difference" is
compromising
conflict is dysfunctional when it
-provides a medium to release tension
-fosters and environment of self-evaluation and change
-reduces group cohesiveness
-"all the above"
"hairless stu" is in conflict situation with his coworker. He decides to be very assertive and cooperative in trying to solve the problem. He represents the strategy of
collaborating
the traditional view of conflict argues that conflict
should be avoided
what is negotiation
an exchange process
for potential stress to become actual stress, _______________ must be present
uncertainty and importance
a work team has one important aspect not founded in a work group. This is
synergy
it is essential to study teamwork because
about 80% of the US organizations use teams to accomplish goals
_________ are generally composed of 10-15 people who take on the responsibilities of their former supervisors
self managed work teams
informal groups
appear in response to the need for social contact
which of the following is not a reason why people join groups?
equity
the combination of what two leadership styles create an effective leader?
transformational and transactional leadership
The manufacturing company Balech is having trouble with a project team in the new product divisions. Imons leadership style is not working well with the team he's leading because the team member prefers a more interpersonal approach to leadership than Imon can provide. If Balech Co. believes in Fidlers Contingency Model, they would ___________________, but if they believe the Situational Leadership Model, they would ______________________
replace Imon with a different manager, have Imon change his leadership style to fit the team
decision making would best be described as an exercise in
evaluating trade-offs
looking for a solution that is satisfactory and sufficient is called
satisficing
the __________ model implies that decision makers have already made up their minds as to what they want to do
implicit favorite
to make the best decision, you must be able to identify the differences between your _________
musts and wants
research indicates that poor _________ is probably the most frequent cited sources of interpersonal conflict
communication
the more consistent a behavior, the more the observer is inclined to
depend on the behavior
Charlie is difficult to work with. Whenever he is successful he takes full credit for what has happened, but whenever he is unsuccessful, he attributes his failure to bad luck or to one of her fellow employees. He is guilty of
self-serving bias
when we judge someone on the basis of our perception of the group to which he/she belongs, we are using the shortcut called:
stereotyping
Your boss never gives you the benefit of the doubt. When you were late this morning, he assumed that you had overslept; he never considered that there might have been a delay on the freeway. He is guilty of:
fundamental attribution error
cognitive dissonance is the difference between
values and behavior
attitudes have three evaluative components. They are all of the following EXCEPT:
instrumentality
organizational commitment is a good predictor of
turnover
which of the following would Hertzberg classify as a motivator?
achievement
McCelland believes that individuals with a high ____________ coupled with a __________ are best suited for top management positions
need for power, low need for affiliation
according to the goal-setting theory of motivation, goals should be
difficult but attainable
stress has _____, _____, ______ outcomes
behavioral, psychological, and physiological
symptoms of stress characterized by increased blood pressure and increased heart rates are __________ symptoms
physiological
according to our text, which of the following is NOT an individual strategy for stress management
evaluate social contacts
You are the professor who is trying to mediate a dispute, which has occurred during the class. There are four members of the team who have been asked to prepare a team presentation and they cannot agree upon how to proceed. The members are not speaking to one another and are standing at great distances from one another. Most of the members of the team are frowning and when asked to discuss the problem, their voice tones indicate that they are unhappy with the situation. You can tell theses students are having problems by:
channel analysis
__________ is when one party is willing to be self-sacrificing in order that the relationship can be maintained
accomodating
what is span of control
number of subordinates a manger can effectively direct
line positions are involved in the ______ business of the company
day-to-day
staff positions are involved in the ______ functions of the company
support
Josie works on a production line. Her job used to be to put on right front fenders. She is not particularly pleased because now she has been assigned to do several different jobs while each auto is at her station. Josie has experienced:
job enlargement
MBO objectives are
set jointly by superior and subordinte
what are the driving forces for change
internal effects
merges
technology
"all the above"
what is true of organizational inertia and habit
habit is why it is hard for individuals to change
inertia is why it is hard for an organization to change
reward power derives from
the ability to distribute anything of value
an ____________ is a consciously coordinated social unit, composed of two goals of two or more people, those functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals
organization
the systemic approach to the study of OB is most consistent with
cause-effect relationship
operant conditioning argues that
behavior is a function of its consequences
a major theme in your textbook is that behavior is NOT:
random***
those with type B personalities
can relax without guilt**
people who consistently believe they control their own destinies have:
high internal locus of control
an individual who is aggressively involved in a chronic incessant struggle to achieve more and more in less and less time is a/n:
Type A
the view that we can learn both through observation and direct experience is called
a social learning theory
_________ is defined as the extent to which a person observes their own self-expressive behavior and adapts it to the demands of the situation
self monitoring
a process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment is called
perception
the drive to become what one is capable of becoming is which level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs
self actualization
equity theory is motivation model that explains how people strive for _____ in social exchanges or give-and-take relationships
fairness
coasting on the group effort is termed
social loafing
one's own view of how one is supposed to act in a given situation is a
role perception
how others believe you should act in a given situation is
role expectation
____ is a phenomenon in which group pressures for conformity deter the group from critically appraising unusual, minority or unpopular views
groupthink
after which stage of groups development is there relatively a clear hierarchy of leadership within the group
storming
true/false: refreezing is required of changes are to be permanent
true
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