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Unit Test Study Guide- Government 10/8/15

Terms in this set (74)

First Amendment and the Five Clauses
Makes these give things parts of our freedom
1. Freedom of Speech
2. Freedom of Religion
3. Freedom of Petition
4. Freedom of Religion
5. Freedom of Assembly
Two sub-clauses in the Religion Clause
Free Exercise: Government allows you to practice a religion or choose not to practice a religion.
Free Establishment: Government doesn't sponsor a religion.
Four Essential Features of State
1. Population: Affected by people always moving. Inner cities to suburbs, vice versa.
2. Territory: Affecting others boundaries and can change as a result of war or purchase
3. Sovereignty: Power to make laws, shape foreign policy and determine it's own destiny
4. Government: When the state maintains social order, provides public services and enforces decisions that are binding all people living within the state
Four purposes of Government and one example of each
1. Maintaining Social Order
2. Providing Public Services
3. Making Economic Decisions
4. Providing National Security
Autocracy
Ruled by ONE person.
EX: Hitler of Nazi Germany
Oligarchy
ONE GROUP
EX: Communist Party of China.
Representative Democracy Vs. Direct Democracy
RD: Steve King, what we have today, help to better the people
DD: People directly vote on an issue
Weakness of the Articles of Confederation
-Laws needed approval from 9 of 13 states
-No power to collect or levy taxes
-Congress cannot force anyone to obey the laws
-No national court system
-No power to regulate trade
-Each state only had a single vote
First Amendment
Freedom of Speech, Religion, Assembly, Press and Petition
Second Amendment
"Right to Bear Arms" and "Well Regulated Militia"
Third Amendment
No quartering of soldiers in private homes during peacetime without owners consent
Fourth Amendment
Against unreasonable searches and seizures without probable cause
Fifth Amendment
DUE PROCESS. Right against self, "I plead the fifth" in trail. Miranda Rights
Sixth Amendment
Right to a speedy trail and right to an attourney
Seventh Amendment
Trial by jury
Eighth Amendment
Protects against excessive fines and against cruel and unusual punishment
Tenth Amendment
STATE RIGHTS AMENDMENT. States that the Federal gov' only possesses those powers delegated to it by the Constitution
Step One-Amendment proposed by
Both the house and senate approve 2/3 super majority vote
Step Two- Amendment ratified by
When it's submitted to state legislatures which requires 3/4's of a vote
Checks and Balances (scenarios)
Check Study Guide
Popular Sovereignty
Idea that people are the source of government power, we give our government consent to govern us.
Federalism
Power divided between state and national government compromise between the national government having little power, and national government having too much.
Separation of Powers
An act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies.
Checks and Balances (Matching)
1. Congress can impeach judges
2. Judicial Branch interprets laws and determines whether or not it's constitutional
3. Executive branch recommends legislation and vetoes bills
Judicial Review
Power of the courts to declare laws and action of local, state, or national governments invalid if they violate the Constitution
Limited Government
Constitution limits the action of the government by specifically listing the powers it has or doesn't.
Three Branches of Government
Legislative, Judicial, and Executive
Legislative
Writes/Passes Laws
Congress (House-435, Senate-100)
Judicial
Interprets the laws
Court System
Executive
Enforces the Laws
President, Vice President, and Political Parties
Premable
Establishes why the Constitution was written
Article I
Legislative Branch- Congress makes laws
Article II
Executive Branch- Obama is the head
Article III
Judicial Branch- John Roberts is our Chief Justice of Supreme Court
Article IV
Relationship of the states to one another
Article V
How can the Constitution be amended or changed
Article VI
Supremacy Clause: States that Constitution, laws by Congress, and treaties ratified by the Senate are the Supreme Law of the Land.
Article VII
Ratification: Constitution went into effect after nine states ratified it.
Social Contract Theory
People surrender to the state the power needed to maintain order and state, in turn, agrees to protect it's citizen.
Constitution
A plan that provides the rules of government
Autocracy (Terms to Know)
Government in which a dictator seeks to control all aspects of social and economic life.
Oligarchy (Terms to Know)
Small group of officials hold the power in the country
Democracy
Any system of government in which rule is by the people.
Constitutional Monarchy
Shared governmental powers with elected legislatures or serves mainly as a ceremonial leader of the government
Representative Government
People elect delegates to make laws and conduct government
Direct Democracy
A form of government in which the people govern themselves by voting on issues
Representative Democracy
People elect representatives and give them the responsibility and power to make laws and conduct government
Ratification
To approve
Unicameral
A single-chamber legislature
Bicameral
Two house legislative body
Ordiances
An order or law
Who introduced the Virginia Plan?
Edmund Randolph
Articles of Confederation
First Constitution, adopted on November 15, 1777.
New Jersey Plan
-Led by William Paterson
-Wanted to keep a unicameral legislature
-Power by Congress to impose taxes and regulate trade
-Number of Representatives would be equal
Connecticut Compromise
-Led by Roger Sherman
-Congressional Representatives would be based on population
-The senate would have two representatives from each state
-Our Congressional Representative is Steve King
-Our two Iowa Senates are Joni Ernst and Chuck Grassly
Three-Fifths Compromise
-States wanted the slaves counted as the same as free people.
Federalists
A member or supporter of the Federalist Party
Anti-Federalists
A group of diverse individuals that formed to oppose the ratification (passage) of the new federal Constitution in 1787
Anarchy
Political disorder
Petition
A request to do something, most commonly addressed to a government official or public entity
Balanced budget
Plans requiring that what the government spends will not exceed its income.
Impeachment
A formal accusation of wrongdoing against a public official
Libel
WRITTEN false statement that is damaging to a persons reputation
Slander
SPOKEN false statement that is damaging a person's reputation.
Militia
Armed forces of citizens
Search Warrant vs. Arrest Warrant
Search Warrant: allows the police to enter the area in search of evidence to help in upcoming trial.
Arrest Warrant: allows the police to identify and locate people who need to be arrested
Due Process of Law
Government MUST follow Constitutional procedures in trials and actions against individuals
Eminent Domain
Power of the government to take private property for public use
Change of Venue
A legal term for moving a trail to a new location
*Speaker of the House
John Boehner
*Chief Justice of Supreme Court
John Roberts
*Senate Majority Leader
Mitch McConnell
*Who can be president if the vice president dies, or resigns in office
John Boehner
*Who is our Vice President
Joe Biden
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