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IR Kroenig Final Exam Readings

Terms in this set (44)

Hoffman
Provides for distinctions between terrorists and guerrilla groups.
Notes that terrorist groups aim to attack and directly change a system
Terrorists don't see themselves as terrorists and see violence as their only option.
Individual empowerment
Probably the most important of global trends, individuals can now enact great change but also great damage.
Demographic Patterns
-Individual Empowerment
-Expanding Middle Class
-Poverty Reduction
-Education/ Gender Gap
-Communications Technologies
-Improving Help
-Landscape of Conflicting Ideologies
-Older population
-Urbanization
-Migration
-Flow of Workers
Frankel
-Globalization allows for each country to specialize in what it does best
-Globalization increases the number of competitors in the economy
Kuznets Curve
A formula showing that inequality increases during the early stages of capitalist development, then declines, and eventually stabilizes at a relatively low level; advanced by the economist Simon Kuznets.
Howard & Donnelly
Human rights
Human rights are the rights that are inherent to being a human
Durban Conference
Global Climate change conference currently in the making.
-Aims to reduce divisions between rich/ poor countries in combatting climate change
-Hold large scale polluters accountable US
Kroenig
Argues that the spread of nuclear weapons threatens international peace and US security
-More countries with nukes ups the likelihood of war
Nuclear Pessimism
The existence of nuclear weapons is simply tempting fate.
Nuclear Optimism
The existence of nuclear weapons helps deter states from war.
Waltz
Nuclear Optimist
Brinkmanship
Pushing a delicate situtation to see how opponent will react, lots of risk taking (ex: bay of pigs)
Milner
Argues that the international economy is NOT solely shaped by the distribution of power.
-Multilateral institutions help provide stability
Kindleberger
Proposed the Hegemonic Stability Theory (that in order for a stable global economy to exist there must be a hegemon.)
Keohane and Goldstein
"Ideas Approach" That policy makers ideas about what role a state should play in the economic system explain their policy choices
Obama
Argues that September 11th ushered in a new era/ structure of conflict
-Transnational terrorism (like Al Qaeda) is no longer the major threat
-Smaller auxiliary terrorist groups are now the major threat
-Drones
Ghemawat
"The world is not as connected as were told"
-Idea that deep international economic integration may be incompatible with sovereignty
Schelling
-Diplomacy is bargianing, it provides less than ideal outcomes for both parties.
- With enough military force, you dont need to bargain, you just get what you want
-War is no longer a contest of strength but rather a contest of nerve and risk-taking. Small wars threat the possibility of a larger war. Military strategy is now the art of coercion and the instruments of war are more punitive than acquisitive and has become the diplomacy of violence.
Subramanian
-Theory of "Economic Dominance" (The ability to get a country to do what you want, or prevent it from doing what you dont want
- While some people think that the US's economic dominance is its own to lose, the issue of who comes to dominate is determined by China's actions
-Argues that China is already dominant even though its not the richest because it forges super strong ties.
Defensive, Detterent, Compellent, and Swaggering
Four functions of force
Art
Author of the Four functions of force
Walt
he United States must make its dominant position acceptable to others. This is done with
-Using military force sparingly
-Fostering cooperation among its allies
-Rebuilding its crumbling foreign image
Walzer
Just War Theory
Just Causes of War
Jus ad Bellum
Capability, Credibility, Communication, and Calculation
Requirements for coercive success
Just Cause, Last Resort, Proper Authority, Reasonable chance of success, goal warrants war
Just Causes of War
Mandal
Argues that Muslim extremism stemmed from a string of failures coming from Middle Eastern leaders who tried to implement Western ideas into their country.
Jus in Bello
Just Conduct of war (latin)
-States and individuals are responsible for actions in war
-Distinction between combatants and non-combatants
-Proportional level of violence
(micro-proportionality)
Just Conduct in War (list)
Jus Post Bellum
Just Conduct After War (Latin)
-Aggressors should be punished
-Victors should not profit financially
-Victors responsible for consequences in occupied territory
Just Conduct After War (List
Skeptics
Feel distant from political and social issues, tend to be dissatisfied and find the mistakes in the system, often feel there is no point to politics and/or elections, do not feel that politics is relevant to them, usually do not take action.
State Moralists
International politics rests on a moral basis but these rules (i.e. sovereignty) aren't always obeyed because states are concerned with their own sovereignty first
Cosmopolitans
theory on morals that sees the world not as a society of states, but as a society of individuals without borders. "Justice for individuals"
Washington Consensus
Idea that development assistance is a form of imperialism
Skeptics
Key Value: Order
State Moralists
Key Value: Sovereignty
Cosmopolitans
Key Value: Justice
Skeptics
Key Institution: Balance of Power
State Moralists
Key Institution: Society of states with a foundation of norms and international law
Cosmopolitans
Key Institution: International society of individuals
Skeptics:
Intervention Policy: Only when it is consistent with narrow national security interests
State Moralists
Intervention Policy: Only to maintain a state's territorial integrity or if a state has failed
Cosmopolitans
Intervention Policy: Whenever minimal human rights standards have been violated
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