an impaired condition or function that is noticeable to others
Invisible
not always immediately apparent to casual observers
Correctable
impairments that can improve or disappear with devices or equipments
(ex: glasses)
Unchangeable
can be improved, but not fully
ex: cerebral palsy
Congenital
existing at birth or before birth, regardless of causation
Acquired
an impairment developed post-fetally
Types of disabilities
Physical 0 Lack of or amputation of body parts Sensory Neurological Psychiatric Cognitive
Invisible Disabilities
Chronic illnesses
Psychiatric makes up a large-segment of the invisible-disabled population
Dietary
Communication disorders
Chronic
diabetes, renal failure, Aspberger's syndrome
Psychiatric
large segment of the invisible-disabled population bipolar, clinical depression, schizophrenia
Dietary
diabetes, metabolic syndromes, hypoglycemia
Communication
disease or condition that partially or totally prevent shuman communication ex. dyslexia, autism, stuttering, blindness, deafness
Internalized ableism
A practice where disabled people internalize the ideas and prejudices of society that see disability as 'other', as something undesirable
can develop self-hatred and cause distancing between people with disabilities from each other
Defensive Othering
occurs when the marginalised person attempts to emulate the hegemonic norm, whiteness or ableism, and assumes the "... legitimacy of a devalued identity imposed by the dominant group, but then saying, in effect, 'There are indeed Others to whom this applies, but it does not apply to me'
Critical Race Theory
indicates a process where people of color internalize and attribute themselves to aspects of racism
An ableist holds
belief that an impairment is inherently negative, and should be alleviated, cured, or eliminated disability is tolerated, but not celebrated as a part of human diversification
"The Role of Disability Self-Concept in Adaptation to Congenital or Acquired Disability"
Kathleen R. Bogart, Oregon State University
Psychological State of Mind Measures
Disability Self-Concept Self-Esteem Disability Identity Majority Group Identity Disability Self-Efficacy Satisfaction With Life
Results
Congenital conditions are associated with better adaptation. Greater acceptance No premorbid identity
Acquired conditions have a loss of identity. 0 Internalized societal stigma: undesirable outgroup 0 May take a long time to adapt to one's disability 0 "Normalizing" 0 "Minority Model" Perspective and Social Identity Theory: Compared with ethnic minorities
Personal Experiences: Nick, born with cerebral palsy vs. Luke's Mom, acquired MS.
More serious impairments call for adaptive equipment
Medications Surgery Prosthetic limb Wheelchair
Disabled Students - process to receive accommodations
Screening 504 plan Guaranteed FAPE
RDSJ 97: "Historical, Theoretical, and Foundational Principles of Universal Instructional Design of Higher Education" by Susan M. Pliner and Julia R. Johnson
Guaranteed equal access for all
The Paralympic Movement
Using Sports to Promote Health, Disability Rights, and Social Integration for Athletes with Disabilities
Paralympic Timeline
Participation and encouragement in sports for individuals with disabilities, was not always the case 1888 founding of Sports Club for Deaf in Berlin 1940's modern Paralympic Movement in Stoke Mandeville, England, Sir Ludwig Guttmann 1960, Stoke Games in Rome 1989 International Paralympic Committee (IPC) formed 2001 agreement between IPC and International Olympic Committee (OPC) 2008 Beijing Paralympic Games
Promoting Disability Rights
Growth of Paralympic Games increases awareness raising 2008 Beijing Games had 3.8 billion viewers "serves to challenge the norms and create a buzz"
Continued Timeline
Oscar Pistorius of South African Case of Tatyana McFadden 2008 Beijing Summer games improvement of accessibility
Sports in Mental Health/ QOL
Catalyst toward improved sense of wellness Evidence beneficial across domains of self-esteem, self-perceived QOL, self-efficacy, body image, empowerment, motivation for continued involved Sherill et al study: disabilities/ non-disabilities
Continued
Athletes with + self-efficacy perform better in competition and daily living Adnan et al study: self-efficacy association Cerebral Palsy World Championships study on QOL Positive association between physical exercise and employment rate Italian Study on spinal injury and mental health
Microaggressions in everyday life
denial of personal identity denial of disability experience denial of privacy secondary gain patronization second class citizen desexualization
Stigma against people with disabilities
defective mentally ill
Murder of Robert Robinson (16)
A boy who had severe autism was killed by his mother, who then took her own life
Media covered the story with much sympathy towards mother "People don't do these things if they are well supported. This family was alone, marginalized and not taken care of by the MCFD." - Inclusion BC
RDSJ 103: "Gawking, Gasping, Staring" by Eli Clare
Overt Resistance Pride
Loja, E., Costa, M. E., Hughes, B., & Menezes, I. (2013). Disability, embodiment and ableism: stories of resistance. Disability & Society, 28, 190-203.
Celebrate differences Adopt disability as a positive identity
What to do to become socially competent
Use Person-First language Use "impairment" before "disability" Ask before you help Allow the person to explain (if he or she wants to) Talk directly to person Be aware of personal space Speak normally
What to not do to become socially competent
Use of the "R" (Retard) Word Disabled person Handicapped Crippled Ignore "What's wrong with you?" Non-disabled gaze (the pity look) Don't assume or generalize