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ANTH 1000 test 3 (final)

Terms in this set (62)

kinship
your membership in a family and your relationship to other members of that family. May refer to biological ties, but in anthropology usually refers to cultural ties modeled on biological ones.
affines
relatives by marriage
consanguines
biological relatives
"fictive kin"
a term used by anthropologists and ethnographers to describe forms of kinship or social ties that are based on neither consanguinal (blood ties) nor affinal ("by marriage") ties, in contrast to true kinship ties
A.L Kroeber's culture-neutral approach to analyzing systems
• Generation - distinguishes between generations
• Gender of the other - distinguishes between male and female relatives
• Gender of the speaker - (if men and women use different terms for the same relative)
• Gender of the person who links the speaker with a relative
• Age within a generation
• Lineal versus collateral - distinguishes direct line ancestors and descendants from those who are farther removed (Lineal is a direct lined ancestor, collateral is distant like 2nd or 3rd cousin)
• Consanguinal versus affinal - this distinguishes kin by marriage from biological kin
• The other's condition of life - whether relative is alive or dead, single or married
4 ways of classifying kin in parental generations
lineal kinship classification, generational kinship classification, bifurcate merging kinship classification, bifurcate collateral kinship classification
lineal kinship classification
- usually found in societies where the nuclear familu (neolocal) important kinship group
-Economies: industrial, foraging
-distinguishes b/t lineal and collateral relatives
-lineal relative = anyone on the direct line of descent to and from the ego
-collateral = are all other kin
-affines - relatives by marriage (whether of lineals or collaterals)
Generational Kinship Classification
-uses the same name for parents and their siblings
-close personal relations with all relatives of the parental generation
-typical of band level societies with ambilineal descent (descent groups where membership is not automatic)
-Economies: agriculture, horticulture, and foraging
Bifurcate Merging Kinship Classification
• Splits the mother's side and the father's side (unilineal vs. bilateral descent rules)
• Merges the same sex siblings of each parent
• Typical of societies with unilineal (patri- or matri- lineal) descent rules and unilocal (matri- or patri- local) postmarital residence rules
• Economies: horticulture, pastoralism, and agriculture
Bifurcate Collateral Kinship Classification
• Has separate terms for each of the 6 kin types of the parental generation
• The 6 types that are differentiated
-father
-mother
-father's brother
-father's sister
-mother's brother
-mother's sister
• Terminology is not as common as the other types
• Terminology may also be used when the ethnicity on both sides of the family differ (using the names in the foreign language)
family
assemblages of different kinds of relatives into a single cultural unit
Nuclear Family
the family unit made up of parents and their children
Murdock's 4 functions of the nuclear family
1. sexual
2. economic
3. reproductive
4. educational

*without 1 and 3 society would be extinct, without 2 the world would cease and without 4 culture would end
Family of orientation
the nuclear family in which one is born and grows up
family of procreation
the nuclear family established when one marries and has children
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