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Chemistry

Terms in this set (26)

Barometer
a device used to measure atmospheric pressure
1 atm is equal to ___?
760 mm Hg, 760 torr, 101.3 kPa
Who introduced the barometer?
Evangelista Torricelli
What is STP?
Standard Temperature and Pressure
0 C (273 K) and 1 atm
What must a gas molecule do to create pressure on a surface?
Collide with it
What is the pressure of a gas at absolute zero?
0
What causes the gas surrounding the earth to exert a pressure on objects?
The weight of the gases
Why is the pressure greater at the surface of the earth than at higher altitudes?
More air pushing down on you
What is the pressure at sea level?
760 mmHg
Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure
the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressure of the component gases.
-Combine gases= increase the pressure
When a gas such as Hydrogen is collected by water displacement, what other gas is always present?
Water Vapor
Boyle's Law
The inverse relationship between pressure and volume
P1V1=P2V2
When a confined gas is doubled, what happens to the volume if everything else stays constant?
the volume is 1/2 of the original volume
Charles's Law
Volume is directly proportional to the temperature on the Kevin scale
V1/T1 = V2/T2
Why can't gases be cooled to absolute zero?
They will form to liquids or solids
How much kinetic energy does matter have at absolute zero?
Zero
Gay-Lussac's Law
The pressure of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume varies directly with the Kevin temperature
P1/T1 = P2/T2
Combined Gas Law
Expresses the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature of a fixed amount of gas.
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
Gay-Lussac's Law of combining volumes of gases
at a constant temperature and pressure, the volumes of gaseous reactants and products can be expressed as ratios of small whole numbers (mole ratio)
Avogadro's Law
equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules
Standard Molar Volume of a Gas
the volume occupied by one mole of a gas at STP, has been found to be 22.4L
Ideal gas law
a relationship between pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of moles of a gas
Graham's Law of Effusion
the lower the molar mass of a gas the faster the gas particles will move
-can be used to find the molar mass of an unknown gas'

Rate for A/ Rate for B = the square root (M of B / M of A)
Effusion
A process by which particles under pressure pass through a tiny opening (Hydrogen in a balloon)
Diffusion
Gases spread out and mix with one another without stirring and in the absence of circulating currents
What three things effect the rate of diffusion?
1. Speed 2. Diameter 3. Attractive Forces
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