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Get Fit Stay Well Ch. 15

Terms in this set (43)

Sexually Transmitted infection (STI)
a microbial infection spread through intimate contact with another person's skin or body fluids
unprotected sex
sexual intercourse (vagina, oral, or anal) without a condom or other method of protection
STI statistics
-65 million people in US living with incurable STI
-young people btw ages of 15-25 represent 25% of sexually active population, but half of the new cases/year
Bacterial STI's
chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis
chlamydia
the most common bacterial STI in the US
-caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis
-infects 23.89 million people/year in US
symptoms of chlamydia
-usually presents no symptoms
-3/4 women and 1/2 men=no symptoms
-women early symptoms: abnormal discharge, burn while peeing
-women later symptoms: abdominal pain, lower back pain, bleeding btw periods
-men early symptoms: painful urination and watery puslike discharge from penis. extreme case-sterility
-women: untreated can spread to uterus or Fallopian tubes, causing PID
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
an infection of the female reproductive tract that can result from an untreated STI
-can cause damage to reproductive organs and infertility
-can have a miscarriage or stillbirth
-child could be born blind
treatment for chlamydia
-antibiotics if detected early
-should get screened every 6 months
gonorrhea
second most common bacterial STI in US
-caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae
-700,000 people infected per year
-infects the lining of the urethra, genital tract, pharynx, and rectum. can spread to eyes or other body regions
symptoms of gonorrhea
men: white, milky discharge and painful urination 2-9 days later
women: less likely to experience symptoms. If they do, yellowish or bloody discharge, burning pee 10 days after infection. woman could get a fever
-rare cases can enter bloodstream and infect joints, heart valves, or brain
treatment for gonorrhea
-antibiotics if detected early
-if untreated, can spread to man's repro organs, causing sterility
-also during an erection can cause weird curvature of the penis
-women untreated: can cause PID and infertility
Syphilis
-caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum
-transmitted via direct contact of sexual organs during intercourse but can be got via a break in the skin or deep kissing where body fluids are transmitted
-cases on the rise: rose 13.8% between '05 and '06
symptoms of syphilis
-"great imitator" b/c symptoms resemble those of several other infections
-goes through three stages: primary, secondary, latent
chancre
an open sore most frequently located at the site of an initial syphilis infection
-painless, but oozes infectious bacteria
-appears 3-4 weeks after infection
-men get it on penis or scrotum, but can be on mouth, throat, or any initial site of infection
-women-develops on the vaginal wall or high on the cervix
-disappears within 3-6 weeks
Primary Syphilis
develop a chancre
secondary syphilis
1 month-1 year after chancre disappears. skin rash and lesions on mucous membranes of mouth, throat or genitals
-enlarged lymph nodes
-occasionally hair loss
-may develop a fever or headache
-can develop a sore around the mouth filled with T.Pallidum bacteria that are highly infectious
-often goes untreated
latent syphilis
-T.Pallidum begins to invade body organs, but causes few or no additional symptoms
-rarely transmitted, except in pregnancy can be passed to fetus (death or severe birth defects result)
late-stage syphilis
-if syphilis goes untreated for years
-symptoms include heart and CNS damage
-blindness, deafness, paralysis, premature senility, and dementia
treatment for syphilis
-early diagnosis=antibiotics
Viral STI's
herpes, genital warts, hepatitis B, HIV/AIDS
Herpes
a condition characterized by sores or eruptions on the skin, caused by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) or herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2)
-HSV-1: cold sores
-HSV-2: genital herpes
-both viruses can infect and cause sores on any area of the body
-remains in body for life and cause symptoms when body's immune resistance is lowered
-1 in 5 Americans has it
symptoms of herpes
-tingling or burning sensation and redness at the site of infection before the blisters or sores appear (prodromal stage). lasts a day or two
-second phase: blisters form filled with fluid containing the virus. crust over, dry up, and disappear in a few days
-genital herpes can be past from mother to child through the birth canal
-increase risk for cervical cancer
treatment for herpes
-no cure
-during prodromal period, taking drugs can lessen the severity of the outbreak
-FAMVIR can reduce viral shedding btw outbreaks-lessening chance that you will infect a partner
Genital warts
-caused by human papillomaviruses
-a small, fleshy growth on the cervix , vagina, vulva, penis, scrotum, or anus; also called venereal wart or condyloma
-20 million Americans have HPV
-occurs during sex when virus particles penetrate the skin and mucous membranes of the genitals or anus
-after 6-8 weeks-itchy bumps appear on cervix, vagina...etc
human papillomaviruses (HPV)
a group of viruses that cause genital warts
symptoms of genital warts
-most HPV infections cause no symptoms
-two types of genital warts:
1. full blown warts that are noticeable as bumps or growths
2. flat warts that aren't visible to the naked eye
-greatest threat to women is connection between HPV and cervical cancer (30% of HPV cases end in cervical cancer)
dysplaisa
a condition that causes a precancerous change in cervical cells
treatment for HPV/genital warts
-A vaccine exists that prevents cervical cancer, which is recommended for females aged 9-26
-most genital warts disappear on their own
-cryosurgery: freezing the tissue with liquid nitrogen can remove the large warts
Hepatitis B (HBV)
one of the 7 forms of the hepatitis virus that can inflame and damage the liver and sometimes lead to liver cancer
-this is the most common sexually transmitted form
-200,000 new cases in US/year
-transmitted by sex or sharing infected drug needles, or mother to infant
symptoms of hepatitis B
-most don't have symptoms (30%)
-others may be jaundiced, fatigued, have abdominal pain, experience loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting and joint pain
-over time can lead to chronic liver disease (cirrhosis) or liver cancer
-one of the fastest growing STI's b/c carriers become carriers for life and infect others
treatment for hep B
-no cure for infection
-preventative vaccine available
HIV
-human immunodeficiency virus
-the virus that causes AIDS, transmissible through direct sexual contact or exchange of saliva, semen, vaginal fluid, blood, or other bodily fluids
-about 500,000 in the US have died since it appeared
-1 million people in the US infected
AIDS
-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
-a disease of the immune system caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); characterized by extremely low CD4 counts or susceptibility to opportunistic infections or illnesses that do not affect those with healthy immune systems
-33 million people in the world infected (mostly in sub-Saharan Africa)
HIV progression: primary stage
-HIV multiplies rapidly, invading the bloodstream and destroying CD4 immune cells
-body produces antibodies within 1-3 months of infection
-70% of people experience flu-like symptoms
asymptomatic stage
-may look and feel healthy and experience no symptoms of illness
-can last several years
early to medium HIV symptomatic stage
-begin to experience mild symptoms of illness: night sweats, fatiue, weight loss, skin rashes, mouth ulcers, persistent cold sores, fevers, fungal infections
-can take 5-7 years to appear
late stage HIV disease
-severely compromised immune system that is susceptible to opportunistic infections (ex. pneumonia)
-considered to have full blown AIDS when CD4 levels fall below 200/cubic millimeter of blood
injecting drugs or sharing needles
15-25% of AIDS cases in the US result from sharing contaminated needles
testing for HIV antibodies
-blood test called ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) can detect presence of antibodies formed in response to HIV
-a Western blot is performed on a person who first tested negative, but then tested positive
drugs and treatment of HIV
-no cure
-protease inhibitors prevent HIV from replicating inside already infected body cells
-reverse transcriptase inhibitors prevent the virus from infecting new cells
pubic lice
-crabs
-tiny sucking insects that lay eggs at the base of pubic hairs and can be transmitted from partner to partner during sexual contact
-treatment includes washing stuff that may harbor the eggs
-takes 2-3 weeks to kill all larval forms
trichomoniasis "trich"
-an infection of the genitals caused by a protozoan; symptoms include foamy, yellowish discharge and unpleasant odor
-transmitted via direct sexual contact, but can spread through toilet seats, towels, locker room benches
-treated with oral metronidazole for both partners
urinary tract infections (UTI's)
an infection of the urethra or bladder caused by microorganisms; can be sexually transmitted or autoinoculated
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