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ethics final exam

Terms in this set (85)

SENSUS
. Passions reside in which faculty of the agent
. Are passions voluntary?
NO: PRE-VOLUNTARY
Which passion differs from timor with respect to direction toward or away?
AUDACIA
How do concupiscible passions differ from irascible?
SIMPLE REACTION TO GOOD/EVIL VS. DIFFICULTY OR CHALLENGE
. Which passion is the first change wrought in the appetite by an appetible object?
AMOR
List the concupiscible passions.
AMOR, CONCUPISCENTIA, DELECTATIO, ODIUM, DOLOR
What is the proper name for any bad habit (in ethics)?
VICE
Explain the origin of the phrase "second nature."
ACTS PROCEED FROM OUR NATURE. AS WE PERFORM THEM, WE BUILD UP HABITS WHICH BECOME A PRINCIPLE OF FUTURE ACTION. AS THE ACTIONS NOW PROCEED FROM THAT HABIT, THE HABIT FUNCTIONS AS A KIND OF "SECOND NATURE"
1. What do we call the pre-voluntary reactions of the sense appetite to objects?
PASSIONS
2. Are passions good or evil (morally)?
NO
Per HV 15, what is the relevant moral difference between a voluntary vasectomy and chemotherapy?
THE FIRST DIRECTLY WILLS INFERTILITY, THE SECOND FORESEES IT AS A (REGRETABLE) CONSEQUENCE
What is HV 14's (and St. Paul's) response to the objection that it is lawful to tolerate a lesser evil in order to avoid a greater one?
WHILE TRUE, IT IS NEVER LAWFUL TO DO EVIL THAT GOOD MAY COME OF IT
Basic argument against contraception given in HV 12: what cannot be separated?
THE UNITIVE AND PROCREATIVE "SIGNFICANCES" OF MATRIMONY (CAN SAY GOODS, ENDS, ASPECTS)
Does sexual activity cease to be legitimate when it is foreseen to be infertile (answer carefully—not a one-word answer)?
NO AS LONG AS THE INFERTILITY IS FORESEEN BUT NOT INTENDED
In what four ways or aspects of life does HV 10 encourage "responsible parenthood?"
BIOLOGICAL, EMOTIONAL, CIRCUMSTANTIAL, MORAL/DIVINE
What are the four features of marriage according to HV 9?
FULLY HUMAN, FAITHFUL, TOTAL, FECUND
How do concupiscible and irascible passions differ?
SIMPLE REACTION TO GOOD/EVIL VS. DIFFICULTY OR CHALLENGE
What is the "principle of totality"—a suggestion made by the majority report of the commission—given in HV 3?
THE POSITION THAT WE SHOULD ASSESS THE WHOLE MARRIED LIFE AS A SINGLE MORAL ACT RATHER THAN EACH INDIVIDUAL VOLUNTARY ACT THAT MAKES IT UP.
What three basic reasons does HV 2 give for addressing the question of human sexuality and contraception?
FEARS OF OVERPOPULATION, NEW ROLE OF WOMAN IN SOCIETY, SCIENCE!
In what 1930 encyclical had the Catholic Church previously taught on marriage and sexuality (also abortion and eugenics)?
CASTI CONUBII
He ghost-authored parts of Vatican II's Gaudium et Spes, wrote his own book on sexual ethics eight years before Humanae Vitae, was unable to attend the commission of St. John XXIII, and later dedicated a significant portion of his "career" to defending and explaining Humanae Vitae. Name him.
ST. JOHN PAUL II
In what does the intrinsic goodness of man consist?
QUOTATION ON PAGE 8. NOT TYPING OUT FOR YOU!
The entirety of Western metaphysics is grounded in what logical ordering of the transcendentals?
BEING PRECEDES TRUTH, TRUTH PRECEDES GOODNESS
In what three key words does Pieper sum up the relation between prudence and the other virtues?
CAUSE, MEASURE, FORM
10. From what do all false prudences and super-prudences arise, according to Aquinas?
COVETOUSNESS
9. What effect does unchastity have on the agent with respect to prudence?
SPLITS THE POWER OF DECISION-MAKING
8. What is the Latin word for accurate assessment of future contingent singulars?
PROVIDENTIA
7. Define memoria.
FAITHFUL AWARENESS OF ONE'S PAST ACTIONS
6. Define solertia.
PROMPT, ACCURATE DECISION-MAKING. "STRIKE WHILE THE IRON IS HOT"-NESS
5. The living unity of Synderesis and Prudence is commonly called what?
CONSCIENCE
4. What do we call the knowledge of universal principles for the practical intellect, which moves prudence?
SYNDERESIS
4. Which passion is the natural dissonance of the sense appetite with respect to an object?
ODIUM
5. Which passion differs from timor with respect to object?
DESPERATIO
6-8. List the irascible passions.
SPES, DESPERATIO, TIMOR, AUDACIA, IRA
9. What is the proper name for any good habit (in ethics)?
VIRTUE
10. Explain the origin of the phrase "vicious cycle."
AS WE PERFORM VOLUNTARY ACTS, WE BUILD UP HABITS WHICH BECOME A PRINCIPLE OF FUTURE ACTS. A HABIT OF AN EVIL ACTION IS CALLED A VICE (ADJ. FORM VICIOUS). THIS HABIT MAKES US MORE LIKELY THE REPEAT THE ACTION, AND WE ENTER A REINFORCING LOOP OR CYCLE.
1. The good of man consists in what (the short, Chapter 3 version of the quotation from page 8)?
TO BE IN ACCORD WITH REASON
1. What is the formal definition of justice?
TO RENDER TO ANOTHER HIS/HER DUE
2. How many realities "stand around" the concrete actions of the human person?
QUASI-INFINITE
3. The study of moral cases arises from what human desire?
TO PREDICT AND CONTROL THE UNCERTAINTY OF LIFE
4. Who is the only one who has access to all the essential circumstances of a concrete action?
THE AGENT
5. What is the one exception to that rule (see above question)?
THE PRUDENT FRIEND
6. A merely casuistic moral theology presupposes and perpetuates what?
MORAL IMMATURITY
7. Who is the only one who can be prudent?
THE ONE WHO FIRST LOVES THE GOOD
8. Who is the only one who can do good?
THE ONE WHO IS PRUDENT
9. Which Gift of the Holy Spirit specially corresponds with the virtue of Prudence and elevates it to a higher field of decision-making?
COUNSEL
10. In what sense (according to Pieper) is "contempt for the world" a good thing?
CONTEMPT FOR THE WORLD IS GOOD INSOFAR AS IT SEES THE WORLD AS NOTHING IN COMPARISON TO GOD
3. Abdel acts justly in his dealing with Benjamin. For this to be possible, Benjamin must first acquire or have what?
A RIGHT
5. Because Benjamin has this thing, what correlative does Abdel have with respect to Benjamin?
DEBITUM (FINE, FINE, DEBT IF YOU INSIST)
6. Based on the structure of 1-5 (above), justice is governed or normed not by abstract rules but by what?
A PERSONAL NORM
7. For what three reasons does justice rank first among the moral virtues?
CONCERNS OTHERS
CONCERNS THE SPIRIT/RATIONAL POWER OF MAN DIRECTLY
(OTHER VIRTUES MERELY CLEAR THE WAY FOR IT)
NEGATIVELY: INJUSTICE MOST PERVERTS HUMAN GOODS
8. Name the three forms or types of justice.
COMMUTATIVE, DISTRIBUTIVE, LEGAL
9. What is the Thomistic critique of the chart Pieper gives to describe the relationships of justice?
THE INDIVIDUAL CAN NEVER CONFRONT THE COMMUNITY AS A TRUE "OTHER," FOR THEY ARE A PART OF IT
10. What is the collectivist critique of the chart Pieper gives to describe the relationships of justice?
THERE IS NO RELATION OF INDIVIDUAL TO INDIVIDUAL WHICH IS NOT SUBSUMED INTO THE SOCIAL WHOLE (NO TRUE COMMUTATIVE JUSTICE)
. In order for there to be commutative justice between Danglars and Ephrem, the two must not only be fully "other," but also what (hint: it's why God can't be commutatively just)?
EQUAL
2. Fenelon and Guillermo want justice to be done in their current dealing but all they do is protest their own rights to each other. What needs to change in order for justice to be done?
EACH MUST ACTIVELY PURSUE THE RIGHTS OF THE OTHER
3. Why can't the world be fixed or frozen in a state of justice by laws or a strong enough power?
EVERY VOLUNTARY ACTION UNBALANCES THE RELATIONSHIPS OF JUSTICE
9. What relationship, over and beyond our parents, does pietas describe?
TO PATRIA
4. How does distributive justice differ from commutative with respect to measuring what is owed?
DUE CANNOT BE MEASURED OBJECTIVELY BY A 3RD PARTY OR EVEN BY THE CLAIMANT
EQUALITY OF PROPORTION, NOT OF QUANTITY (GEOMETRIC VS. ARITHMETIC MEAN)
5. What must Huaresca distribute to the members of her legal commentary club in order to be distributively just?
COMMON GOOD
6. What does Pieper consider to be the primary failing of collectivist thinking when it comes to the common good?
IT REDUCES THE COMMON GOOD TO MATERIAL GOODS
7. Iona is a terrible administrator; she has respect for persons. Why does that make her unjust?
RESPECT FOR PERSONS RENDERS ON THE BASIS OF WHO SOMEONE IS (FRIEND, FAMILY, ETC.) INSTEAD OF ACTUAL DUE [THIS IS WHAT WE MEAN BY "JUSTICE IS BLIND"]
8. What does Pieper name our obligation to God which can of its nature never be met?
RELIGIO
10. What is it about Johann that allows him to recognize and appreciate the relationships which stand at the limits of justice and which cannot be met?
HE STRIVES TO BE JUST IN ALL HIS RELATIONSHIPS
1. In order for there to be commutative justice between Danglars and Ephrem, the two must not only be fully "other," but also what (hint: it's why God can't be commutatively just)?
EQUAL
2. What is the difference between commutative justice and love, according to chapter 5?
JUSTICE: WHAT'S YOURS IS YOURS AND WHAT'S MINE IS MINE
LOVE: WHAT'S MINE IS YOURS
3. What does Pieper call the fundamental act of commutative justice which orders the association of individuals with each other so that the balance between them is restored?
RESTITUTION
4. Why can Benjamin have this but his dog Calix cannot (according to Pieper)?
THE GROUND OF RIGHTS IS PERSONHOOD—TO BE A RATIONAL CREATURE, IMAGO DEI, SPIRITUAL NATURE. ONLY SUCH A THING CAN OWN.
4. How are Francine's rights with respect to her community not quite so inalienable as with respect to another individual in that community?
THE SOCIAL WHOLE MAY REQUIRE OR CURTAIL HER GOOD FOR THE SAKE OF THE COMMON GOOD (P. 86, TERRIFIC TOPIC FOR GETTING INTO GOVERNANCE)
5. What is it that is distributed in distributive justice?
THE COMMON GOOD [YOU GUYS MADE THIS CRAZILY COMPLICATED IN YOUR ANSWERS]
6. In order for Grigor to live in a just democracy, what will he (and all his fellow citizens) have to do when confronted with ballot decisions like tax increases, institution of a draft, etc.?
PUT THE COMMON GOOD AHEAD OF HIS PERSONAL INTEREST/ADVANTAGE
7. Hilary destroys justice in her community by showing respect for persons. How does that work?
RESPECT FOR PERSONS RENDERS ON THE BASIS OF WHO SOMEONE IS (FRIEND, FAMILY, ETC.) INSTEAD OF ACTUAL DUE [THIS IS WHAT WE MEAN BY "JUSTICE IS BLIND"]
8. What does Pieper name our obligation to God which can of its nature never be met?
RELIGIO
9. What relationship does observantia describe?
THE UNPAYABLE DEBT AN INDIVIDUAL HAS TOWARD A DISTRIBUTOR OF THE COMMON GOOD [BECAUSE WE ALWAYS OWE THEM THANKS/HONOR/RESPECT FOR THE SERVICE]
10. What is it about Johann that allows him to recognize and appreciate the relationships which stand at the limits of justice and which cannot be met?
HE STRIVES TO BE JUST IN ALL HIS RELATIONSHIPS
1. What is the Latin word for lust that St. Thomas uses?
LUXURIA
5. What does it mean to say that lust is a capital vice/deadly sin?
IT HAS A VERY DESIRABLE END THAT INDUCES US TO COMMIT MANY OTHER SINS
2. In Q153 St. Thomas gives his general principle for measuring the goodness of any use of the venereal power. What is it?
THAT IT BE IN ACCORD WITH REASON
3. Is every venereal act a sin?
DON'T BE SILLY
4. Historical context question: why does St. Thomas spend time addressing this question (from 3, above)?
HE'S COMBATING THE DUALIST CULT OF ALBIGENSIANS
6. What are the six species of lust given in Q154 a1?
SIMPLE FORNICATION, ADULTERY, INCEST, RAPE, SEDUCTION, UNNATURAL VICE
7. Who is principally harmed, according to St. Thomas, in simple fornication (which makes it grave matter)?
THE POTENTIAL OFFSPRING
8. Why can't nocturnal pollution be a sin?
CAN'T COMMIT VOLUNTARY ACTS WHILE ASLEEP!
9. What does St. Thomas call the greatest of venereal sins (the one most perverting the order of reason)?
UNNATURAL VICE
10. What are the four acts that fall under this name (from 9, above)?
BESTIALITY, SODOMY, MASTURBATION, "OTHER ACTS DONE IN A MONSTROUS MANNER"
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