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MRS LEBLANC FINAL STUDY GUIDE(vocab)

Terms in this set (67)

arc
part of the circumference of a circle
tangent
a line or line segment that intersects the circle at exactly one point. it is also perpendicular to the radius at that point
secant
a line or line segment that intersects a circle at two points. it always connects a cord
chord
a line segment whose endpoints are on a cirlce
circle
the set of all points in a plane given distance from a given point in a plane which is called the center
diameter
a chord passing though the center of a circle. its length is 2x that of the radius
semicircle
arc formed by diameter whose measure is always 180 degrees
minor arc
an arc whose measure is less than 1800 degrees
major arc
an arc whose measure is greater than 180 degrees
circumference
distance around a circle
center of a circle
point used to form and name a circle
central angle
an angle whose vertex is at the center of a circle
inscribed angle
an angle whose vertex is on a circle and whose sides intersect the circle
radius
a libe segment connecting the center to a point on the circle
altitude (triangle)
connects a vertex with the opposite side; must be perpendicular to that side
apothem
center of polygon perpendicular to a side
base
the bottom face of a solid
area
number of square units of the surface
concentric circles
circles of different sizes that have the same centre point
congruent triangles
triangles having the same size and the same shape
convex polygon
a polygon with no reflex angels (angles larger than 180)
cube
a solid shape that has 6 square faces all in equal sizes, 8 vertices, and 12 equal edges
cylinder
a solid shape with one curved surface and two congruent circular or elliptical bases
diagonal
line joining 2 non adjacent vertices of a polygon
face
flat surface of a 3 dimensional shape
isosceles trapezoid
1 pair of parallel sides, legs congruent, base angles congruent, same leg angles supp., diagonals congruent
lateral area
area of everything other than 2 bases
line of symmetry
the imaginary line where you could fold the image and have both halves match exactly
Locus
the set of all points that share a property.This usually results in a curve or surface.Example: A Circle is "the locus of points on a plane that are a certain distance from a central point".a few points start to look like a circle, but if you collect ALL the points, you will actually have a circle.
n- gon
n- number of sides and angles a polygon has
parallelogram
opposite sides parallel and congruent, opposite angles convruent, diagonals bisect eachother
polygon
plane shape having 3 or more straight sides
platonic solids
Each one is a polyhedron (a solid with flat faces) They are special because every face is a regular polygon of the same size and shape.
Quadrilateral
4 sided polygon
ratio
comparison of 2 quantities a/b, a:b, a to b
rectangle
parallelogram, 4 right angles, diagonals congruent
reflection
flip over an axis
regular polygon
equilateral and equilangular
rhombus
parallelogram, 4 congruent sides, diagonals perpendicular, diagonals bisect angles
rotation
to turn or rotate
scale factor
ration btwn 2 sets of measurements
sector
section of a circle, bounded by 2 radii and an arc similar having the same shape but not the same size
sphere
3 dimensional solid that is perfectly round
square parallelogram, rectangle, rhombus
quadrilaterals
surface area
total area of the surface of a 3 dimensional object, measured in square units
tessellation
patterns of shapes that fit together without any gaps
translation
slide
trapezoid
1 pair of parallel sides, same leg angles supplementary
vertex
corner or a point where lines meet.
volume
amount of space occupied by a 3D object, measures in cubic cm
trig
a branch of mathematics that studies triangles and the relationships between the lengths of their sides and the angles between those sides
Altitude (parallelogram)
any segment perpendicular to the line containing the base drawn from the side opposite the base
Angle of depression
The angle formed by a horizontal line and the line of sight to an object below the horizontal line
Angle of elevation
The angle formed by a horizontal line and the line of sight to an object above the horizontal line
Angle of rotation
angle formed by rays drawn from the center of rotation to a point and its image
Arc length
A portion of the circumference of a circle
Arc measure
the number of degrees that an arc occupies on a circle
Cosine
ratio of the adjacent side to the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle
Cross products
The product of numbers on the diagonal when comparing two ratios
Extremes in a proportion
the numerator of the first fraction and the denominator of the second fraction
Pythagorean Theorom
a2+b2=c2
Pythagorean triple
a set of three positive integers that work in the pythagorean theorem
Slant height
the height of a lateral side in a three-dimensional figure
find the slope of the line
m(y2-y1)/(x2-x1)
write an equation of a line
y=mx+b
find the midpoint
(x2+x1)/2, (y1+y2)
find the difference between two points
d=the squareroot of (x1-x2)2+(y1-y2)2
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