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Chapter 16 Vocabulary (U.S. History)

Terms in this set (21)

Louis Sullivan
Architect who designed the ten-story Weinwright Building in St. Louis.
Daniel Burnham
Designed the "Flatiron Building" (slender 285-ft. building) in 1902.
Frederick Law Olmsted
Landscape architrct who spearheaded the movement for planned urban parks. Helped in the design of Central Park.
Orville and Wilbur Wright
Bicycle manufacturers from Ohio experimented with new engines powerful enough to keep "heavier than air" craft aloft. First built a glider, then a 4 cylinder combustion engine, propeller = biplane with 40'4" wingspan. 1st succesful flight covered 120 ft. & lasted 12 seconds.
George Eastman
Developed a series of more convenient alternatives to the heavy glassplates previously used. Introduced the Kodak camera for $25.
Booker T. Washington
African-American educator who believed that racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society.
Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute
Now called Tuskegee University, Alabama. Aimed to equip African Americans with teaching diplomas and useful skills in agricultural, domestic, or mechanical work.
W.E.B. Du Bois
First African American to recieve a doctorate from Harvard, disagreed with Washington's gradual approach. Founded the Niagara Movement.
Niagara Movement
Insisted that blacks should seek a liberal arts education so that the African American community would have well-educated leaders.
Ida B. Wells
Born into slavery shortly before emancipation, moved to Memphis to work as a schoolteacher. Became editor of a local paper where racial justice was a persistent theme. Three of her friends were lynched and illegally executed without trial.
Poll tax
An anual tax that had to be paid before qualifying to vote.
Grandfather clause
Stated that even if a man failed the literacy test or could not afford the poll tax, was still entitled to vote if his father or grandfather had been eligible to vote before January 1, 1867. (Imp. bc before that time, freed slaves did not have the right to vote, thus not allowing them to)
Segregation
The separation of whites and blacks in public and private facilities.
Jim Crow laws
Segregation laws implemented in schools, hospitals, parks, and transportation systems throughout the South.
Plessy v. Ferguson
The Supreme Court ruled that the separarion of races in public accomodations was legal and did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment. "seperate but equal" (for 60 years. zayum.)
Debt peonage
A system that bound laborers into slavery in order to work off a debt to the employer. Not until 1911 did the Supreme Court declare involuntary peonage a violation of the Thirteenth Amendment.
Joseph Pulitzer
A hungarian immigrant who had bought the "New York World" in 1883, pioneered the large Sunday edition, comics, sports coverage, and women's news. Emphasized "sin, sex, and sensation" in an attempt to surpass his main competitor, the wealthy -->
William Randolph Hearst
Purchased the New York "Morning Journal" in 1895. Also owned San Fran, "Examiner" sought to outdo Pulitzer by filling the "Journal" with exaggerated tales of personal scandals, cruelty, hypnotism, and even an imaginary conquest of Mars.
Ashcan School of American Art
Led by Eakin's student Robert Henri, painted urban life and working people with gritty realism and no frills.
Mark Twain
Real name is Samuel Langhorne Clemens, novelist and humorist.
Rural Free Delivery (RFD)
System introduced by the Post Office that brought packages directly to every home.
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