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Modern American Final Exam

Terms in this set (178)

Sea Lion
Germany's planned invasion of England, Hitler's first mistake of not defeating the British early
Torch
The United States invasion of North Africa
Barbarosa
Germany invades Russia and targeted three major cities Moscow, Kiev, and Leningrad
Overlord
Allied invasion of France
Atlantic Charter
Secret conference between FDR and Churchill in the Atlantic Ocean; Great Britain and the United States outline their common goals for how they believe peace can be achieved
Arcadia
FDR and Churchill agree to give the European theater top priority
Casablanca
Conference between Churchill and FDR (Stalin refused to attend), Agree on their military priorities for 1943: Ridding the Atlantic of German subs, Sending more aid to the Soviet Union, Increasing their bombing against Germany, Preparing for a cross channel invasion of France in 1944, Preparing for an invasion of Italy by capturing the island of Sicily
Teheran
The first wartime conference where Stalin, Churchill, and FDR are present, set the date for the allied invasion of France (Operation Overlord)
Stalingrad
Russians and Germans; Russians win; where Joseph Stalin ordered Russian troops to hold the city at all costs
Air Battle Berlin
24 hour bombardment of Berlin; US bombed by day, Britain bombed by night
Moscow
Part of operation Barbarossa the Germans abandoned the battle due to the harsh winter
12/8/41
The United States and Great Britain declare war on Japan
8/15/45
Emperor Hirohito ordered his people to stop fighting
12/11/41
Germany declares war on the United States
9/2/45
Japan formally surrenders
5/8/45
VE Day
5/7/45
Germans formally surrender to Eisenhower in France and the Soviets in Berlin
8/6/45
The Enola Gay dropped the A-Bomb on Hiroshima
8/9/45
35,000 more Japanese died when the U.S. dropped a 2nd bomb on Nagasaki
Baby Boom
Period in the US when there were many births because of returning veterans and a booming economy
Demobilization
Bring home our military after fighting abroad
GI Bill of Rights
Way for the government to help returning veterans with financial assistance
Productivity
Rate at which companies produce goods or perform services
Sunbelt
Region in the United States in the South and the Southwest
Multinational Corporation
Any company who sells their goods and services to other nations
Interstate Highway Act
Law that spent 32 billion to build 41 thousand miles of our nation's highways
Termination Policy
The closing of the bureau of Indian affairs; the government in no longer financially responsible for the health and well-being of Native Americans
Nuclear Family
Typical/ Ideal family of the 50s and 60s consisting a mother, father, and two children
Beatnik
Authors and artists who in the 60s criticized American society
Urban Renewal
Redevelopment of the urban areas
Consumerism
The need to purchase new items to save us time and money, most of it on credit
Nikita Khrushchev
Leader of the Soviet Union after the death of Josef Stalin
Mao Zedong
Leader of the Nationalists in China
Alger Hiss
Accused of stealing government documents and was found guilty of perjury
Douglas MacArthur
Leader of UN forces in Korea
Douglas MacArthur
Was fired by President Truman for insubordination
Jiang Jieshi
Leader of the Communist party in China
Joseph McCarthy
Stated that there were well known communists who worked in the state department
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
Accused of giving secret information about nuclear science to the Soviet Union
Joseph McCarthy
Senator from Wisconsin
Robert McNamara
President of Ford Motor Company
Nikita Khrushchev
Responsible for pushing the world to the brink of Nuclear War
Nixon
Vice President for Eisenhower
Lee Harvey Oswald
JFK's assassin
Robert McNamara
JFK's Secretary of Defense
Chief Justice Earl Warren
Person in charge of the investigation into the death of JFK
Nixon
Loser of the 1960 presidental election (Republican)
Nixon
Served in the US navy and was the 1960 Republican presidential candidate
Dean Rusk
President of the Rockefeller foundation
Nikita Khrushchev
This man allowed Russian missiles to be placed in Cuba
Dean Rusk
JFK's Secretary of State
Arthur Miller
Pulitzer prize winning author (P T 109)
Thurgood Marshall
Lawyer for Linda Brown
George Wallace
Alabama Governor who was against integration
Earl Warren
Supreme Court Chief Justice during the Brown v. Board of Education case
Rosa Parks
Wouldn't give up her seat on a Montgomery bus
MLK Jr.
Nonviolent leader of the Montgomery bus boycott
Linda Brown
Tried to enroll into an all-white school in Topeka, Kansas
James Earl Ray
On April 4th, 1968 this man shot MLK Jr.
Malcolm X
Member of the Nation of Islam who demanded the separation of the races
Eisenhower
President responsible for sending in federal troops to help protect the Little Rock 9
Thurgood Marshall
1st African American to serve on the US Supreme Court
MLK Jr.
Leader of the Montgomery Improvement Association
Betty Friedan
Author of the Feminism Mystique
Gloria Steinam
A journalist who founded political organizations to help women lobby for equal rights
Cesar Chavez
The most influential Latino activist
Rachel Carson
A biologist who authored Silent Spring
Rachel Carson
My work forced congress to restrict the use of the pesticide DDT
Ben Campbell
This man worked for the rights of Native Americans
Nixon
Was not part of his platform but he became an environmentalist as President
Ralph Nader
Unsafe at Any Speed
Ralph Nader
A lawyer who became an outspoken opponent of feminism
Leary
Harvard researcher who preached that "drugs" could "free the mind"
Betty Friedan
Was fired from her job when she became pregnant
Ralph Nader
Consumer advocate
Ben Campbell
1st Native American to serve in the US Senate
Civil Rights Act 1964
Allowed the federal government to desegregate state and local schools
This act outlawed segregation in public places
Civil Rights Act of 1957
This act gave the Attorney General the power to protect the voting rights of African Americans
Dejure Segregation
Segregation that is imposed by law
Sit in
A form of protest where nonviolent protesters refuse to move
Defacto Segregation
Segregation by unwritten customs or traditions
Voting Rights Act
This act banned the use of literacy tests
24th Amendment
This act banned the use of a poll tax
MLK Jr.
Leader of the Montgomery Improvement Association. Non-violent leader of the Montgomery bus boycott
Flexible Response
This was a defense policy designed to prepare the US to fight any type of conflict
Warren Commission
Responsible for the investigation into the death of JFK (what was the finding of the Warren Commission)
Peace Corps
This sent American volunteers around the world on "Missions of freedom"
Alliance for Progress
JFK's economic program for Latin America
Bay of Pigs
This was an event that turned many Cuban Americans against JFK and was a major foreign relations disaster
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
Ended above-ground nuclear testing
signed by the United States (Kennedy) and the Soviet Union (Khrushchev)
Cuban Missile Crisis
An event which prompted a naval quarantine of Cuba
Equal Pay Act
This was passed because of the difference in pay between men and women
New Frontier Program
JFK's domestic program that focused on developing a Space Program
JFK
A Pulitzer Prize winning author of "Profiles in Courage"
Fidel Castro
Allowed Russian missiles to be placed in Cuba
He overthrew Fulgencio Batista
Bobby Kennedy
JFK's Attorney General
Deficit Spending
This was meant to stimulate the economy by borrowing money in order to spend more than received from taxes
Great Society
LBJ's domestic program that included a "War on Poverty"
Draftee
Young man forced to serve in the military
Vietnamization
Nixon's policy of of turning over responsibility of the war to the South Vietnamese government
Detente
The policy of trying to ease political tension
Operation Rolling Thunder
The first bombing campaign of the Vietnam War
Used to persuade North Vietnam to stop reinforcing the Vietcong in the South
Hawk
Supported the war effort in Vietnam because they believed we were helping to contain communism
Pentagon Papers
These were used to prove that American leaders occasionally lied to congress and the American public
Vietcong
South Vietnamese communist rebels
Dove
People who believed that the conflict in Vietnam was a localized Civil War and not a vital Cold War battleground
War Powers Act
This put restrictions on the President's war making powers
Paris Peace Accords
The non-communist government in te south would stay in power until there was a political statement
Tet Offensive
Surprise attack by the North and the Vietcong which targeted 5 cities and the Northeast coast of South Vietnam
Credibility Gap
The American Public's growing distrust of statements made by the American government during the Vietnam War
Agent Orange
Chemical used by the United States in Vietnam that caused cancers and birth defects to those who came in contact with it
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Gave the President the authority to send troops to South Vietnam without congressional approval
SALT
The treaty that froze the deployment of intercontinental ballistic missiles
Napalm
Jellied gasoline that creates massive fires upon impact
Domino Theory
The thought if one country falls to communism then its closest neighbors would soon follow
SALT
The treaty that placed limits on anti-ballistic missiles
Mai La Massacre
Village where innocent and unarmed civilians were killed by US military in Vietnam
Hubert Humphrey
Democratic candidate for the 1968 presidential election
William Westmoreland
American military leader in Vietnam
James Earl Ray
Assassin of Dr. MLK Jr.
Nixon
American President who chose to reach out to China
William Calley
Person convicted for killing unarmed civilians in Vietnam
Ho Chi Minh
Communist leader of North Vietnam
Sirhan Sirhan
Assassin of Bobby Kennedy
Nixon
Winner of the 1968 Presidential Election
Nixon
US President during the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
George Wallace
1968 independent Presidential candidate
Henry Kissinger
National security adviser for President Nixon
Mao Zedong
Communist party leader in China
Mussolini
Used censorship and violence to keep opposition to a minimum
Hirohito
Japan's leader during WWII
MacArthur
Leader of US troops in the Pacific
Accepted Japanese surrender
Badoglio
Assumed the post of the head of the government in Italy after Mussolini
Stalin
Soviet Union Leader during WWII
Churchill
Leader of England
Hitler
Hated Jews
Eisenhower
Appointed commander of US forces in the European forces
Yamamotto
Leader of Japanese imperial fleet
Eva Braun
Hitler's mistress
Was poisoned by Hitler
Mussolini
Dictator of Italy
Overthrown
Hanged with his wife after the war
Truman
Responsible for Dropping bombs
Petain
Leader of Vichy government
Degaulle
Leader of Free France
Rommel
Leader of German troops in North Africa
Montgomery
British general who fought Rommel in North Africa
JFK
PT 109
Profiles Encourage
Vichy
Southern france government
Pro-German puppet government led by Henri Petain
Luftwaffe
Germany's air-force in WWII
Marshall Winter
Below zero temperatures and lots of snow
Selective Service and Training Act
Required men between the ages of 23-35 to register for military training
Iwo Jima
Famous photo of marines raising flag
Stalingrad
Joseph Stalin ordered Russian troops to hold the city at all costs
Solomon Islands
JFK's boat sunk
He saved the men on his boat
Okinawa
100,000 Japanese soldier killed
Coral Sea
Battle that had no ship to ship fighting
Midway
Four Japanese air-craft carriers were sunk
Ford
Appointed VP by Nixon
Nixon
Navy service in WWII
1946 House of Reps
1950 Senate
1952 VP to Eisenhower
1960 Lost to Kennedy
1968 Elected President
Carter
Outsider of Washington DC who had no connections
Agnew
Nixon's first VP
Resigned after lying about his taxes
Felt
Secret government informant "deep throat" was later revealed to be a top official
Woodward and Bernstein
Washington Post journalists who reported the men who attempted to burglarize the watergate hotel had close ties to Nixon's reelection committee
Bernstein
...
Watergate
Break in of democratic national headquarters by Nixon and his crew
Silent Majority
During the 1968 election, Nixon argued he was the spokesman for the "non-demonstrators"
Southern Strategy
Nixon targeted blue-collar workers and southern whites, both who usually voted Democratic
Affirmative Action
Policy giving special consideration to women and minorities to make up for past discrimination
25th Amendment
Banned the poll tax as a voting requirement
Impeachment
Process of having charges brought up against you
Pardon
To officially forgive someone for any crimes that may have been committed
Stagflation
The combination of recession and inflation
WIN
Whip Inflation Now
Ford's voluntary program to help regulate inflation
Amnesty
General pardon for crimes committed
Executive Privilege
The principal that the president has the right to keep certain information confidential
Televangelist
A preacher who uses television to preach to millions
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Regulates workplaces to make them safer for workers
Freedom of Information Act
Penalized government officials who withheld documents illegally
Philadelphia Plan
Program that was created by Nixon which required labor unions and federal contractors to submit goals and timetables for hiring minorities
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