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Integrated Physics Hodges Semester 1 Final

Terms in this set (98)

Electric Charge
The physical property of objects that causes them to attract or repel each other without touching is called __________.
Unlike
_________ charges attract.
Like
_________ charges repel.
Electric Force
The force of attraction between charged particles is called _________.
Electric Field
An _________ is a space around a charged particle where the particle exerts forces on other charged particles.
Electrically Neutral
Most matter is _______.
Ion
When an atom or molecule gains or loses electrons, it is called an __________.
Constant
The Law of Conservation of Electric Charge states that the total amount of electric charge in the universe is _________
Friction.
Rubbing a balloon against your hair is an example of transferring charge by __________
Friction
________ is a method of transferring charge when two objects rub against each other.
Conduction
___________ is a method of transferring charge when there is direct contact between materials that differ in their ability to give up or accept electrons.
Polarization
_________ is the movement of electrons within a neutral object due to the electric field of a nearby charged object.
Polarization.
___________ leads to the build up of electric charge on objects.
Static Electricity
The build up of electric charge on objects is known as ______.
Static Discharge
Electrons moving through the air from your hand to a doorknob is an example of ________.
Static Discharge.
Lightning is ________ on a grand scale.
Electric Circuit
A closed loop through which current can flow is called an ________.
Battery
An example of a voltage source is a ________.
Dimmer Switch
An example of a control element is a _______.
Circuit Boards
Wires or _________ can serve as a conducting path.
Electric Load
An _________ is anything that uses electricity.
Schematic
A _________ is like a road map for an electrician.
Resistor
We defined a _________ as a device that converts electrical energy to other forms of energy.
Series
In a ______ circuit, there is only one path for the current.
Parallel
In a _________ circuit, there are multiple paths for the current.
Current
Electric ______ is a continuous flow of charge.
Direct
___________ current flows in one direction only.
Alternating
_________ current changes direction in the circuit many times per second.
Solar Cell
_______ converts the energy in sunlight to electrical energy.
Electromagnetic Radiation
The transfer of energy by waves moving through space.
Electromagnetic Wave
A wave that consists of vibrating electric & magnetic fields.
Electric Field (2)
Extends outward from all charged patricles.
Electromagnetic Waves
Also known as transverse waves.
Conduction
Transfer of thermal energy between particles of matter that are touching
Warmer objects to cooler objects
Thermal energy always moves from ________.
A loop of moving particles in a fluid is called a ___________ current.
Convection
Radation
__________ is the only way of transferring thermal energy that doesn't require matter.
Convection (2)
Most ovens in our homes work due to _______.
Work
Joule
Chemical Energy
Energy stored in the bonds between atoms.
Electrical Energy
Form of Kinetic Energy (KE) comes from the motion of electrons.
Nuclear Energy
Stored in nucleus of atoms.
Nuclear Fission
Splitting of an atom.
Work is only done
In physics _________________ when a force acts on an object moves in the direction of the force.
Power
Rate at which work is done.
Natural Resources
Anything from nature.
Fossil Fuels
Made from the remains of once living organisms.
Examples of fossil fuels
Oil, Natural gas, and coal.
Non-Renewable Resources
Natural resources that are limited in supply and take millions of years to replace.
An example of electromagnetic energy
A speeding train
Energy stored in the bonds between atoms is called _______.
Chemical energy.
SI unit of energy
Joule
The two types of mechanical energy
Kinetic & Potential
When chemical bonds are broken _____ energy is released.
chemical
Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom is called _____ energy.
nuclear
Splitting of an atom
nuclear fission
Energy that occurs when two nuclei fuse together is called
nuclear fusion
Another word for thermal energy
heat
electromagnetic
____________ energy is energy that the sun and other stars release into space.
Energy of vibration is also called _______ energy.
sound
When energy changes from one form to another, an ________ has occurred.
energy conversion
When energy changes from one form to another, NO energy is _______.
lost
Kinetic Energy formula
KE = 1/2 mv(squared)
Potential Energy
Energy that is stored due to the object's shape/position.
Type of Potential Energy
Gravitational - energy stored due to an object's position above earth.
PE =
(weight/mg)(height/h)
Elastic Potential Energy
Energy stored due to an object's shape.
Energy
Something that has the ability to cause change in matter. (the ability to do work)
Work and Energy are measured in...
Joules.
Mechanical Energy
energy of objects that are moving or that have potential energy to move.
Work is the product of
force and distance.
Power is equal to work divided by
time.
In physics, _______ is only accomplished when a force acts on an object and causes the object to move.
work.
______ is defined at the rate at which work is done.
Power
A man uses 20 N of force to move an object 5 m. How much work did he do?
100 J.
An object does 500 J of work in 10 seconds. How much power was used?
50 w.
A 0.1 kg bird is flying at 8 m/s. What is its kinetic energy?
KE = (1/2)(0.1)(64) = 3.2 J.
Energy is defined as the ability to do _____.
work
The two types of potential energy are...
elastic & gravitational.
Newton's First Law
Law of Inertia
The tendency of an object to resist a change in its state of rest or motion is called...
inertia
Inertia.
Objects with more mass have more _____.
Which has more inertia?
A. Shopping cart full of groceries
B. An empty shopping cart
C. They have the same amount of inertia.


The answer is A.
If the net force acting on an object is not zero, then the forces acting on the object are said to be _______.
A. Balanced.
B. Unbalanced.
C. Too complex to analyze with the given information.


The answer is B. Unbalanced.
Newton's First Law says that...
objects continue in their state of rest, or of the motion they already have unless they are acted on by an unbalanced force.
You are walking around your town. First, you walk North from your starting position and walk for 2 hours at 1 km/h. Then, you walk West for 1 hour at 1 km/h. Finally, you walk South for 1 hour at 2 km/h. What is your new position relative to your starting position?
1k West. (if you have trouble with this problem, make a map!)
What is your average speed if you walk 2000 m in 1200 seconds?
1.6 m/s.
If net force = 0, then...
no change in rest/motion.
Inertia is the tendency...
of an object to resist a change in it's state of rest/motion.
Mass is...
a measure of inertia.
Newton's Second Law
describes the relationship between force, mass and acceleration.
Which of the following is equivalent to 1 Newton?
A. 1 m/s(squared)
B. 1 m/s
C. 1 kg m/s(squared)


The answer is C.
In Newton's Second law...
The relationship between mass and acceleration is inverse.
Newton's Third Law
also called the action/reaction law.
True or false?
Action/reaction forces cancel like balanced forces.


FALSE.
What is the momentum of a 25 kg bird moving at a speed of 6 m/s?
150 kgm/s.
Newton's Third Law formula
P = M/V
Newton's Second Law formula
F = MA
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